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IEA Hydrogen Task 52 IEA Hydrogen Task 52

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Expert Resource Library

A curated, source-backed bibliography of relevant work by Task 52 participants on hydrogen-enabled iron and steelmaking, resources, supply chains, power systems, markets and policy.

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Experts covered

104

everyone on the Experts page

Curated records

216

published items

Direct relevance

134

hydrogen and steel both central

Enabling relevance

77

explicit, consequential link

This library compiles relevant work by the experts listed on the Task 52 Experts page. Unless a record is explicitly labelled as an official output, inclusion does not mean that it was produced or endorsed by the IEA, the IEA Hydrogen TCP, Task 52, or every participating institution. Official Task 52 outputs are kept separate.

The list of experts was fixed on and the search ran up to . Where an expert has no record here, no published work of theirs has yet cleared the evidence threshold. It does not imply that they have no relevant expertise or work.

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Evidence base

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216 resources shown

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  1. Direct relevance Working paper Subtask A

    A Framework for Time-Explicit Life Cycle Optimization

    Timo Diepers; Jan Tautorus; Jan Marcus Hartmann; Niklas von der Assen

    Research Square · Research Square

    Demonstrates time-explicit life-cycle optimisation on integrated methanol and pig-iron production, directly comparing blast furnace, CCS and PEM-electrolysis hydrogen-DRI transition options under resource constraints.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participant
    Jan Leopold Tautorus (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Blast-furnace hydrogen injection Hydrogen direct reduction Process modelling Emissions & life-cycle assessment Industrial transition pathways
    DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9630408/v1 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  2. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    A Technical Review on Direct Reduction of Iron Ore Using NH3

    Kaijie Li; Jialiang Xu; Zhezi Zhang; Chiemeka Onyeka Okoye; Xianchun Li; Guangyu Ma; Dongke Zhang

    International Journal of Energy for a Clean Environment · Begell House

    Critically reviews ammonia as a hydrogen carrier and direct reductant for iron ore, explicitly comparing NH3-, H2- and CO-based direct-reduction chemistry and ironmaking routes.

    View record
    Task 52 participant
    Prof Guangyu Ma (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A
    Access
    Restricted or paywalled
    Ammonia reduction Hydrogen direct reduction Review & synthesis
    DOI: 10.1615/interjenercleanenv.2025056567 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  3. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    Advancing hydrogen plasma smelting reduction: Experimental insights from a pilot plant

    Bernhard Adami; Manuel A. Farkas; Johannes Schenk; Michael A. Zarl

    Matériaux & Techniques · EDP Sciences

    Presents pilot-plant evidence for advancing hydrogen plasma smelting reduction toward industrial ironmaking.

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    Task 52 participant
    Manuel Farkas (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen plasma reduction
    DOI: 10.1051/mattech/2025029 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  4. Enabling or systems Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    Ammonia Direct Reduction of Iron Oxides — Kinetics Aspects and Process Development

    Tiara Triana; G. A. Brooks; M. A. Rhamdhani; M. I. Pownceby

    Iron & Steel Technology · Association for Iron & Steel Technology

    Advances ammonia direct-reduction kinetics and process design as a hydrogen-carrier route for ironmaking.

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    Task 52 participant
    Prof Geoffrey Brooks (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A, Subtask B
    Access
    Publisher page
    Ammonia reduction Hydrogen direct reduction
    DOI: 10.33313/tr/0326 Source 1 Source 2
  5. Enabling or systems Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask C

    An integrated scenario-based modeling framework for decarbonization pathways in China’s steel sector

    Zhi-Feng Cui; Fang-Qin Shangguan; Wei Du; An-Jun Xu; Zheng-Dong Liu; Rui-Yu Yin

    Journal of Iron and Steel Research International · Springer Nature

    Models China’s steel decarbonisation pathways with hydrogen explicitly displacing fossil energy in route and energy-system results.

    View record
    Task 52 participant
    Prof Fangqin Shangguan (author)
    Task alignment
    Global pathways & power systems; Subtask C, Subtask A
    Access
    Publisher page
    Hydrogen direct reduction Process modelling Power-system integration Industrial transition pathways
    DOI: 10.1007/s42243-026-01873-6 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  6. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    Atomistic view of green steel: Simulation of early-stage direct reduction of wüstite by hydrogen

    Yushan Bu; Kejiang Li; Yan Ma; Zeng Liang; Jianliang Zhang; Dierk Raabe

    Chemical Engineering Science · Elsevier

    Models early atomistic reaction steps in hydrogen direct reduction of wüstite.

    View record
    Task 52 participant
    Dr Yan Ma (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A
    Access
    Publisher page
    Hydrogen direct reduction Process modelling
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2026.123611 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  7. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask C

    Averting the steel carbon lock-in through strategic green investments

    Clara Bachorz; Jakob Dürrwächter; Chen Chris Gong; Adrian Odenweller; Michaja Pehl; Felix Schreyer; Philipp C. Verpoort; Gunnar Luderer; Falko Ueckerdt

    Nature Climate Change · Springer Nature

    Builds an integrated steel-transition model in which strategic investment in hydrogen-ready DRI-EAF capacity averts carbon lock-in and quantifies green-hydrogen financing needs.

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    Task 52 participants
    Prof Falko Ueckerdt (author) ; Clara Bachorz (author)
    Task alignment
    Global pathways & power systems; Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Techno-economics Emissions & life-cycle assessment Industrial transition pathways
    DOI: 10.1038/s41558-026-02635-8 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  8. Enabling or systems Report Subtask C

    Climate Club Financial Toolkit 2026 Update: Economic, De-risking and Financing Instruments for Industry Decarbonisation

    Joseph Cordonnier; Eleonora Moro; Safrian Adam Farizi; Amylia Mesic

    Climate Club Work Programme · OECD Publishing

    Updates economic, de-risking and financing instruments for industrial decarbonisation and includes steel-sector applications whose cost and investment cases explicitly encompass hydrogen-based production.

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    Task 52 participant
    Eleonora Moro (author)
    Task alignment
    Global pathways & power systems; Subtask C, Subtask Linkage
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Techno-economics Policy & regulation Industrial transition pathways
    DOI: 10.1787/df71ab89-en Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  9. Enabling or systems Model or software Subtask C

    Code for ‘Pursuing decarbonization and competitiveness: a narrow corridor for European green industrial transformation’

    Alice Di Bella; Toni Seibold; Tom Brown; Massimo Tavoni

    Zenodo · Zenodo

    Provides the reusable model and analysis code for a steel- and hydrogen-resolved European industrial-transformation study.

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    Task 52 participant
    Toni Seibold (author)
    Task alignment
    Global pathways & power systems; Subtask C, Subtask B
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction DRI/HBI trade & industrial relocation Markets & competitiveness Industrial transition pathways
    DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20041935 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  10. Enabling or systems Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask Linkage

    Decarbonizing global steel production

    Peng Wang; Yi-Long Yin; Zhenxi Li; Chris Bataille; Daniel M. Franks; Takuma Watari; Max Åhman; Lars J. Nilsson; Xiao-Dong Ma; Jing Meng; Qi Zhang; Timothy M. Smith; Yi Yang

    Nature Reviews Earth & Environment · Springer Nature

    Global review quantifying the emissions, costs, readiness and barriers of hydrogen-based iron reduction alongside process- and system-level steel decarbonisation strategies.

    View record
    Task 52 participant
    Prof Max Åhman (author)
    Task alignment
    Task linkage & exchange; Subtask A, Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Publisher page
    Hydrogen direct reduction Techno-economics Emissions & life-cycle assessment Industrial transition pathways Review & synthesis
    DOI: 10.1038/s43017-026-00786-y Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  11. Enabling or systems Policy brief Subtask C

    Defining Low-Carbon Steel in Korea: Technology Pathways under the K-Steel Act

    Rachel Eun Ko

    NEXT Group

    Defines Korean low-carbon steel technology pathways under legislation and explicitly treats clean-hydrogen HyREX and DRI/EAF routes.

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    Task 52 participant
    Rachel Eun Ko (author)
    Task alignment
    Global pathways & power systems; Subtask C, Subtask A
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Renewable energy & hydrogen supply Policy & regulation Industrial transition pathways
    Source 1 Source 2
  12. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    Design of eccentric double lance for co-injection of H2 and coal in an ironmaking blast furnace: A CFD analysis

    Yiran Liu; John G. Mathieson; Yansong Shen

    Fuel · Elsevier

    Optimises double-lance geometry for co-injecting hydrogen and coal into an ironmaking blast furnace.

    View record
    Task 52 participant
    Prof Yansong Shen (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A
    Access
    Publisher page
    Blast-furnace hydrogen injection Process modelling
    DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2025.138131 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  13. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask B

    Dilemmas and reshaping of green steel transition

    Fangqin Shangguan; Bing Ni; Fangbo Shao; Jicheng Zhou; Zhengdong Liu; Ruiyu Yin

    Iron & Steel · China Metallurgical Information and Standardization Institute

    Synthesises the technical, economic, standards, supply-chain, and geopolitical constraints on hydrogen-DRI and green-steel deployment.

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    Task 52 participant
    Prof Fangqin Shangguan (author)
    Task alignment
    Resources, supply chains & infrastructure; Subtask B, Subtask C, Subtask A
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Techno-economics Supply chains & infrastructure Policy & regulation Markets & competitiveness Industrial transition pathways Review & synthesis
    DOI: 10.13228/j.boyuan.issn0449-749x.20260067 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  14. Direct relevance Conference paper Subtask A

    Dual-Operation for NG/H2 Switching Flexibility of ENERGIRON DRI Technology

    Marco Lapasin; Mohab Mahmoud; Dario Pauluzzi

    AISTech 2026 — Proceedings of the Iron & Steel Technology Conference · AIST

    The paper's explicit subject is dual-fuel operation of the ENERGIRON direct reduction process and the technical flexibility to switch between natural gas and hydrogen as reducing gases for direct reduced iron production. Hydrogen's role as an alternative DRI reductant and the associated process/switching engineering are the paper's core content, not incidental mentions.

    View record
    Task 52 participants
    Mohab Mahmoud (author) ; Marco Lapasin (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A
    Access
    Restricted or paywalled
    Hydrogen direct reduction Process modelling
    DOI: 10.33313/390/037 Source 1 Source 2
  15. Direct relevance Report Subtask B

    Green iron trade: Unlocking opportunities for China

    Agora Industry

    Green iron trade · Agora Industry

    Models renewable-hydrogen DRI/HBI production and green-iron trade as an explicit cost and industrial-strategy opportunity for China.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participant
    Li Wang (contributor)
    Task alignment
    Resources, supply chains & infrastructure; Subtask B, Subtask C, Subtask Linkage
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Techno-economics Renewable energy & hydrogen supply DRI/HBI trade & industrial relocation
    Source 1 Source 2
  16. Enabling or systems Report Subtask C

    Grüne Leitmärkte: Potenziale des Sondervermögens

    Malte Küper; Andreas Fischer; Frauke Eustermann; Joachim Schmitz-Brieber

    IW Gutachten · German Economic Institute

    Quantifies German public-procurement demand for low-emissions steel and discusses how lead markets can enable future near-zero steel made by hydrogen-based direct reduction.

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    Task 52 participant
    Andreas Fischer (author)
    Task alignment
    Global pathways & power systems; Subtask A, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Techno-economics Policy & regulation Markets & competitiveness Emissions & life-cycle assessment
    Source 1 Source 2
  17. Direct relevance Preprint Subtask A

    How is Water released in Hydrogen-Based Metal Oxide Reduction? Unraveling the Kinetic Bottleneck in Sustainable Metal Production

    Zhaoxi Chen; Yulu He; Zhuoran Yao; Chunwen Wang; Lei Lei; Jun Cai; Martin Aaskov Karlsen; Claudio Pistidda; Wu Zhou; Marc-Georg Willinger; Yan Ma; Dierk Raabe; Zhi Liu; Zhu-Jun Wang

    arXiv · arXiv

    Directly observes water trapping and release during hydrogen reduction of iron oxide and links pore topology to reaction kinetics and reactor design.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participant
    Dr Yan Ma (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction
    Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  18. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    Hydrogen fluidised-bed reduction of Australian hematite-goethite iron ores

    Daniel J. Lane; Bavinesh Maisuria; Sarah Spencer; Ben Rumsey; Sameer Usmani; John Pye; Alireza Rahbari; Keith R. Vining; Patrick G. Hartley; Matthew Watson; Chris W. Bumby

    Cleaner Engineering and Technology · Elsevier

    Reports hydrogen fluidised-bed reduction of Australian hematite-goethite ores and directly addresses fine-ore processing.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participants
    Prof John Pye (author) ; A/Prof Alireza Rahbari (author) ; Dr Daniel Lane (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A, Subtask B
    Access
    Open access
    Fluidised-bed reduction Hydrogen direct reduction Ore quality & beneficiation
    DOI: 10.1016/j.clet.2026.101212 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  19. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    Influence of grain size on solid-state direct reduction of hematite with hydrogen

    Barak Ratzker; Martina Ruffino; Shiv Shankar; Yan Ma; Dierk Raabe

    Communications Materials · Springer Nature

    Determines how hematite grain size controls hydrogen solid-state reduction and microstructural evolution.

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    Task 52 participant
    Dr Yan Ma (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Ore quality & beneficiation
    DOI: 10.1038/s43246-026-01106-z Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  20. Methods and capability Not hydrogen‑steel evidence Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask B

    Long-duration electricity storage needs for coping with Dunkelflaute events in Europe

    Martin Kittel; Alexander Roth; Wolf-Peter Schill

    Nature Communications · Springer Nature

    Models long-duration storage and cross-border balancing needed to ride out prolonged wind and solar droughts across Europe, over 35 historical weather years, with electrolysis and hydrogen networks represented as a storage and exchange pathway. It bears directly on how firm renewable electricity and hydrogen can be supplied to large industrial electrolysis loads, but it resolves no iron or steel case. Listed under methods and capability only.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participants
    Dr Wolf-Peter Schill (author) ; Dr Martin Kittel (author)
    Task alignment
    Resources, supply chains & infrastructure; Subtask B
    Access
    Open access
    Renewable energy & hydrogen supply Supply chains & infrastructure Power-system integration Industrial transition pathways
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-72681-5 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  21. Direct relevance Report Subtask B

    MENA’s green iron opportunity: Decarbonising the global steel industry

    Flore Schmerber

    Green Hydrogen Organisation

    Assesses 22 MENA green-iron projects and the finance, demand, standards and trade measures required to scale renewable-hydrogen DRI and HBI exports.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participants
    Dr Sam Bartlett (contributor) ; Dr Alli Devlin (contributor) ; Ysanne Choksey (contributor)
    Task alignment
    Resources, supply chains & infrastructure; Subtask A, Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Techno-economics Renewable energy & hydrogen supply DRI/HBI trade & industrial relocation Policy & regulation Industrial transition pathways
    Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  22. Enabling or systems Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    Modeling and Assessment of Ammonia Direct Reduction for Decarbonizing Iron Production

    Xuesong Lu; Dorcas Tuitoek; Binjian Nie; Aidong Yang

    ACS Omega · American Chemical Society

    Assesses ammonia as a hydrogen carrier and reductant for decarbonised iron production, including hydrogen-derived reduction behaviour.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participant
    Prof Aidong Yang (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A, Subtask B
    Access
    Open access
    Ammonia reduction Hydrogen direct reduction Process modelling Industrial transition pathways
    DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.6c03735 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  23. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    Multi-view feasibility study of the innovative co-injection of H2 and coal in blast furnaces for viable net-zero ironmaking

    Yiran Liu; John G. Mathieson; Yansong Shen

    Fuel · Elsevier

    Evaluates technical feasibility of hydrogen–coal co-injection for net-zero-compatible blast-furnace ironmaking.

    View record
    Task 52 participant
    Prof Yansong Shen (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A, Subtask B
    Access
    Publisher page
    Blast-furnace hydrogen injection Industrial transition pathways
    DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2025.138130 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  24. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    Numerical study of high-H2 operation and gas injection strategies to enhance shaft furnace performance for low-carbon ironmaking

    Yang Fei; Mohammad Fazli; Shibo Kuang; Xiaoping Guan; Tim Evans; Sunny Song; Aibing Yu; Ning Yang

    International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · Elsevier

    Tests high-hydrogen operating regimes and injection strategies for low-carbon shaft-furnace ironmaking.

    View record
    Task 52 participant
    A/Prof Shibo Kuang (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A
    Access
    Publisher page
    Hydrogen direct reduction Process modelling
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.155480 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  25. Direct relevance Dataset Subtask A

    optimex: Time-Explicit Life Cycle Optimization

    Timo Diepers; Jan Tautorus; Jan Marcus Hartmann; Niklas von der Assen

    GitHub · RWTH-LTT

    Open-source implementation and annotated case-study notebook for the time-explicit pig-iron transition model, including hydrogen-DRI and electrolysis choices.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participant
    Jan Leopold Tautorus (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Process modelling Emissions & life-cycle assessment Industrial transition pathways
    Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  26. Enabling or systems Report Subtask C

    Pedal to the Metal 2026: The iron and steel industry’s coal lock-in crisis

    Astrid Grigsby-Schulte; Fanwei Liu; Caitlin Swalec; Rolando Almada; Larkin Cleland; Charmaine Dalisay; Ziwei Zhang; Jessie Zhi

    Global Energy Monitor

    Quantifies fossil-capacity lock-in and the planned hydrogen-DRI share in the global iron and steel project pipeline.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participant
    Astrid Grigsby-Schulte (author)
    Task alignment
    Global pathways & power systems; Subtask C, Subtask A, Subtask B
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Industrial transition pathways
    Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  27. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    Pilot Plant Study of the ZESTY Flash Hydrogen Direct Reduction Ironmaking Process

    Shabnam Sabah; Matt Boot-Handford; Geoffrey Brooks; Made Giri Natha; Tiara Triana; Belinda Rich; M. A. Rhamdhani; Yun Xia; Tom Dufty; M. G. Sceats; Gus Nathan; Alfonso Chinnici

    Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy · Springer Nature

    Provides peer-reviewed pilot-plant evidence for ZESTY flash hydrogen direct reduction, covering reactor operation, reduction performance and the resulting iron product.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participants
    Dr Alfonso Chinnici (author) ; Prof Geoffrey Brooks (author) ; Dr Matt Boot-Handford (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A, Subtask B
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Ore quality & beneficiation
    DOI: 10.1007/s40831-026-01591-z Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  28. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    Process Evaluation of Ironmaking Using In-Flight Hydrogen Plasma Reduction of Partially Pre-reduced Iron Ore

    Christopher Cooper; Bima Satritama; M. Akbar Rhamdhani; Duy Quang Pham; Andrew S. M. Ang; Dian Fellicia; Reiza Mukhlis; Christopher C. Berndt; Geoff Brooks; John Pye; Alireza Rahbari

    Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy · Springer Nature

    Evaluates an in-flight hydrogen-plasma route for completing reduction of partially pre-reduced iron ore.

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    Task 52 participants
    Prof John Pye (author) ; A/Prof Alireza Rahbari (author) ; Prof Geoffrey Brooks (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A, Subtask B
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen plasma reduction Hydrogen direct reduction
    DOI: 10.1007/s40831-026-01624-7 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  29. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    Reactive MP-PIC simulation of hydrogen-based iron oxide reduction in a fluidized bed reactor

    Jan Z. Wadowski; Geoffrey A. Brooks; Jamal Naser

    International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · Elsevier

    Develops a reactive multiphase model of hydrogen iron-oxide reduction in a fluidised bed.

    View record
    Task 52 participant
    Prof Geoffrey Brooks (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A
    Access
    Publisher page
    Fluidised-bed reduction Hydrogen direct reduction Process modelling
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.154911 Source 1 Source 2
  30. Enabling or systems Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    Slag heating and reduction behaviour in an electric smelting furnace for green ironmaking: a reactive CFD study

    Shihong Peng; Dazhao Gou; Sharif Jahanshahi; John G. Mathieson; Yansong Shen

    Chemical Engineering Science · Elsevier

    Models the electric smelting furnace that enables melting and gangue removal downstream of hydrogen DRI in green-iron routes.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participant
    Prof Yansong Shen (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A, Subtask B
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Ore quality & beneficiation Process modelling
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2026.124297 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  31. Direct relevance Model or software Subtask B

    Steel-IQ: a global plant-level steel decarbonisation model

    Steel-IQ Team, Systemiq

    Systemiq · Systemiq

    An open, plant-level model of global steel decarbonisation that represents direct reduced iron with an electric smelting furnace as an ironmaking route and derives the levelised cost of baseload hydrogen from geospatial data, so hydrogen supply cost drives the technology switching decision at each plant.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participants
    Artem Baroyan (contributor) ; Alasdair Graham (contributor)
    Task alignment
    Resources, supply chains & infrastructure; Subtask A, Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Process modelling Techno-economics Renewable energy & hydrogen supply Industrial transition pathways
    Source 1 Source 2
  32. Enabling or systems Report Subtask B

    Steel’s transformation: A new engine for South Korea’s growth and competitiveness

    Mission Possible Partnership

    South Korea green industrial growth opportunity · Mission Possible Partnership

    Assesses South Korea's steel transition and competitiveness with explicit consideration of hydrogen-based routes, HyREX deployment and enabling supply conditions.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participants
    Rachel Howard (contributor) ; James Boyle (contributor)
    Task alignment
    Resources, supply chains & infrastructure; Subtask B, Subtask C, Subtask Linkage
    Access
    Open access
    Policy & regulation Markets & competitiveness Industrial transition pathways
    Source 1 Source 2
  33. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask B

    Techno-Economic Analysis of Induction and Hydrogen Reheating of Steel Billet

    Tharindu Siyambalapitiya; Geoffrey Brooks; M. Akbar Rhamdhani; Joy Sumner; Syed Zaidi

    Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy · Springer Nature

    Compares hydrogen-fired and induction reheating for steel billets on cost and process performance.

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    Task 52 participant
    Prof Geoffrey Brooks (author)
    Task alignment
    Resources, supply chains & infrastructure; Subtask A, Subtask B
    Access
    Open access
    Techno-economics
    DOI: 10.1007/s40831-026-01555-3 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  34. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    Techno-economic assessment of hydrogen-based direct reduction for India’s steel sector: comparative analysis with natural gas DRI and policy enablers

    Haris Kamal; Lene Hviid; Rutger Ijzermans; Asad H. Sahir

    Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments · Elsevier

    Compares hydrogen-based and natural-gas DRI economics for India’s steel sector and evaluates the policy enablers required for deployment.

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    Task 52 participant
    Haris Kamal (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Techno-economics Policy & regulation
    DOI: 10.1016/j.seta.2026.105278 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  35. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    The performance and charge behaviour in melter/smelter for production of hot metal in hydrogen DRI-based steelmaking

    M. Shahabuddin; Alireza Rahbari; Shabnam Sabah; Geoffrey Brooks; John Pye; M. Akbar Rhamdhani

    Ironmaking & Steelmaking · SAGE Publications

    Examines melter charge behaviour downstream of hydrogen DRI, a central integration issue for low-grade ore pathways.

    View record
    Task 52 participants
    Prof John Pye (author) ; A/Prof Alireza Rahbari (author) ; Prof Geoffrey Brooks (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A, Subtask B
    Access
    Publisher page
    Hydrogen direct reduction Ore quality & beneficiation Industrial transition pathways
    DOI: 10.1177/03019233241265179 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  36. Direct relevance Working paper Subtask A

    The value of shaft furnace load flexibility in hydrogen-based steel making for mid and high grade ores: A case study in Australia

    James Wang; Changlong Wang; Stuart Walsh

    SSRN · Elsevier

    Quantifies how flexible hydrogen shaft-furnace operation changes cost competitiveness for Australian mid- and high-grade ores.

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    Task 52 participants
    Dr Changlong Wang (author) ; Dr James Wang (author) ; A/Prof Stuart Walsh (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A, Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Markets & competitiveness Ore quality & beneficiation Power-system integration Supply chains & infrastructure Techno-economics
    DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.6992725 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  37. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    Thermodynamic Assessment of Gangue Content in Hydrogen-Direct Reduced Iron Smelting in Electric Smelting Furnaces: Part 1

    Kwaku Boateng Owusu; Shabnam Sabah; Geoffrey Brooks; Chunlin Chen; Adrien Guiraud; Ujwal Kudaru; M. Akbar Rhamdhani; Banty Kumar

    Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy · Springer Nature

    Quantifies gangue effects during electric-smelting-furnace processing of hydrogen DRI.

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    Task 52 participant
    Prof Geoffrey Brooks (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A, Subtask B
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Ore quality & beneficiation Process modelling
    DOI: 10.1007/s40831-026-01622-9 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  38. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    Thermodynamic Comparison of Fayalite Formation in Low-Grade DRI under CO, CO–H2, and H2-based Reduction Environments

    Enock Ansah; Rahmadhani Triastomo; Ahmad Rizky Rhamdani; Shabnam Sabah; Geoffrey A. Brooks; M. Akbar Rhamdhani; Mark I. Pownceby

    Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy · Springer Nature

    Compares phase formation in low-grade DRI under hydrogen, mixed CO–hydrogen and CO reduction environments.

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    Task 52 participant
    Prof Geoffrey Brooks (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Ore quality & beneficiation Process modelling
    DOI: 10.1007/s40831-026-01647-0 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  39. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    Toward Carbon Neutrality: Pathways and Challenges in Green Steel Production

    Xianfeng Hu; Lena Sundqvist Ökvist; Guozhu Ye; Johan Björkvall

    cScience · Wiley

    Provides a value-chain review of green steel pathways in which hydrogen is a primary reductant and heating source.

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    Task 52 participant
    Dr Xianfeng Hu (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A, Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen plasma reduction Hydrogen direct reduction Supply chains & infrastructure Industrial transition pathways Review & synthesis
    DOI: 10.1002/csc3.70023 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  40. Direct relevance Dataset Subtask B

    Turning low-cost renewables into green steel: How inter-regional supply chains catalyze hydrogen-based steelmaking competitiveness

    Zhenqian Wang; Yuezhang He; Tianduo Peng

    Zenodo · Zenodo

    Provides the data and code for analysing inter-regional renewable-energy and hydrogen supply chains that determine hydrogen-based steelmaking competitiveness.

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    Task 52 participant
    A/Prof Tianduo Peng (author)
    Task alignment
    Resources, supply chains & infrastructure; Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Techno-economics Renewable energy & hydrogen supply Supply chains & infrastructure Markets & competitiveness
    DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20322017 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  41. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask C

    Unlocking multi-stage flexibility enables cost-competitive hydrogen-based steelmaking in China

    Yuezhang He; Zhenqian Wang; Mohamed Atouife; Daniel De Castro Gomez; Xin He; Omar Hurtado Perez; Xingyuan Yang; Tianduo Peng; Jesse D. Jenkins; Zheng Li

    Energy & Environmental Science · Royal Society of Chemistry

    Optimises multiple flexibility stages in a China-specific hydrogen-based steelmaking system and quantifies their cost-competitiveness.

    View record
    Task 52 participant
    A/Prof Tianduo Peng (author)
    Task alignment
    Global pathways & power systems; Subtask A, Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Publisher page
    Hydrogen direct reduction Process modelling Techno-economics Power-system integration Markets & competitiveness
    DOI: 10.1039/d6ee00643d Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  42. Direct relevance Report Subtask C

    A Green Iron Plan for Australia: Securing prosperity in a decarbonising world

    Ingrid Burfurd; Chris McMahen; Max van Someren; Farzana Hossain; Ben Scott; Dylan McConnell; Angela Bruckner; Annette Zou

    The Superpower Institute

    Sets out production-cost modelling and policy for Australian hydrogen-based green iron at industrial scale.

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    Task 52 participant
    Chris McMahen (author)
    Task alignment
    Global pathways & power systems; Subtask A, Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Process modelling Techno-economics Policy & regulation Industrial transition pathways
    Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  43. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    A percolating path to green iron

    Subhechchha Paul; Brinthan Kanesalingam; Yan Ma; Julie Villanova; Guillermo Requena; Stanley Chidubem Akpu; Dierk Raabe; Ilenia Battiato; Leora Dresselhaus-Marais

    Cell Reports Physical Science · Elsevier

    Links evolving pore connectivity to gas transport and reaction progress in hydrogen-based green-iron production.

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    Task 52 participant
    Dr Yan Ma (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction
    DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrp.2025.102729 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  44. Direct relevance Policy brief Subtask C

    Achieving climate-neutral steel by 2050: How the steel sector can shift from coal-based to clean production

    Ysanne Choksey; Emir Çolak; Kajol; Julian Somers; Wido Witecka

    Agora Industry

    Sets out a global pathway in which hydrogen-based DRI is the leading mature primary-steel decarbonisation route, quantifying deployment needs and the supporting hydrogen, ore, trade and policy conditions.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participant
    Ysanne Choksey (author)
    Task alignment
    Global pathways & power systems; Subtask A, Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction DRI/HBI trade & industrial relocation Policy & regulation Industrial transition pathways
    Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  45. Enabling or systems Working paper Subtask B

    Balancing Cost Savings and Import Dependence in Germany's Industry Transformation

    Toni Seibold; Fabian Neumann; Falko Ueckerdt; Tom Brown

    arXiv · Cornell University

    Couples a detailed European energy-system model to global supply curves for hydrogen and hydrogen-derived precursors, explicitly including hot-briquetted iron and associated hydrogen infrastructure trade-offs.

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    Task 52 participants
    Prof Falko Ueckerdt (author) ; Toni Seibold (author)
    Task alignment
    Resources, supply chains & infrastructure; Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Power-system integration Process modelling Supply chains & infrastructure Techno-economics DRI/HBI trade & industrial relocation Industrial transition pathways
    DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2510.00918 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  46. Direct relevance Conference paper Subtask A

    Breakthrough Pilot Testing Results for the Hydrogen Direct Flash Reduced Iron Process

    C. Ormston; Y. Xia; T. Dufty; S. Sabah; S. Al-Assafi; A. Okely; J. Fu; S. Van Dorp; A. Rhamdhani; Geoffrey Brooks; M. G. Sceats; M. E. Boot-Handford

    AISTech 2025 Proceedings · Association for Iron & Steel Technology

    Reports pilot-scale results for flash reduction of iron ore with hydrogen, directly addressing process performance and scale-up of hydrogen-based ironmaking.

    View record
    Task 52 participants
    Dr Matt Boot-Handford (author) ; Prof Geoffrey Brooks (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A
    Access
    Restricted or paywalled
    Hydrogen direct reduction Ore quality & beneficiation
    DOI: 10.33313/389/240 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  47. Enabling or systems Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask C

    Competition and climate policy in steel transition: Comparing costs and subsidies in the US and the EU

    Jonas Algers; Jindan Gong; Björn Nykvist; Max Åhman

    Energy Policy · Elsevier

    Bottom-up comparison of costs and subsidies for emerging green-steel routes in the US and EU, including hydrogen-based direct reduction as a central investment case.

    View record
    Task 52 participant
    Prof Max Åhman (author)
    Task alignment
    Global pathways & power systems; Subtask A, Subtask C
    Access
    Publisher page
    Hydrogen direct reduction Techno-economics Policy & regulation Markets & competitiveness Industrial transition pathways
    DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114507 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  48. Direct relevance Report Subtask B

    Cost Estimates for an Australia Germany Green Iron and Steel Value Chain

    Peter Ellersdorfer; T.C. Leung; M.H.A. Khan; Changlong Wang; Ismet Canbulat; Serkan Saydam; Iain MacGill; Rahman Daiyan

    SuSteelAG project · UNSW Sydney

    Provides steel-chain cost estimates for producing and trading hydrogen-based green iron and steel between Australia and Germany.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participants
    Dr Changlong Wang (author) ; A/Prof Rahman Daiyan (author)
    Task alignment
    Resources, supply chains & infrastructure; Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Process modelling Techno-economics Supply chains & infrastructure DRI/HBI trade & industrial relocation
    Source 1 Source 2
  49. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask B

    Decarbonizing the Asian steel industries through green Hot Briquetted Iron trade

    Zhenxi Li; Max Åhman; Jonas Algers; Lars J. Nilsson

    Resources, Conservation and Recycling · Elsevier

    Directly evaluates regional decarbonisation of Asian steelmaking through trade in green HBI produced with renewable hydrogen.

    View record
    Task 52 participant
    Prof Max Åhman (author)
    Task alignment
    Resources, supply chains & infrastructure; Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Publisher page
    Hydrogen direct reduction Renewable energy & hydrogen supply DRI/HBI trade & industrial relocation Industrial transition pathways
    DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2025.108275 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  50. Enabling or systems Report Subtask C

    Demand and Supply Measures for the Steel and Cement Transition: The case for international co-ordination

    Andrew Ruttinger; Tiffany Vass; Isabel Geppert

    International Energy Agency (IEA) · IEA

    Analyses demand- and supply-side policy measures to scale up markets for near-zero emissions steel and cement, identifying low-emissions hydrogen availability and infrastructure (alongside CCS and electrification) as a central cost driver and enabling requirement for near-zero and hydrogen-ready direct reduced iron production, and proposing international co-ordination options under the Climate Club. Andrew Ruttinger is named first among the three principal IEA authors.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participants
    Dr Andrew Ruttinger (author) ; Isabel Geppert (author)
    Task alignment
    Global pathways & power systems; Subtask C, Subtask Linkage
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Techno-economics Renewable energy & hydrogen supply Supply chains & infrastructure Policy & regulation Markets & competitiveness Emissions & life-cycle assessment Industrial transition pathways
    Source 1 Source 2
  51. Enabling or systems Report Subtask C

    Die Energiewende kosteneffizient gestalten: Szenarien zur Klimaneutralität 2045

    Gunnar Luderer; Frederike Bartels; Tom Brown; Clara Aulich; Falk Benke; Tobias Fleiter; Fabio Frank; Helen Ganal; Julian Geis; Norman Gerhardt; Till Gnann; Alyssa Gunnemann; Robin Hasse; Andrea Herbst; Sebastian Herkel; Johanna Hoppe; Christoph Kost; Michael Krail; Michael Lindner; Marius Neuwirth; Hannah Nolte; Robert Pietzcker; Patrick Plötz; Matthias Rehfeldt; Felix Schreyer; Toni Seibold; Charlotte Senkpiel; Dominika Sörgel; Daniel Speth; Bjarne Steffen; Philipp C. Verpoort

    Kopernikus-Projekt Ariadne

    Germany-wide climate-neutrality scenarios explicitly resolve hydrogen-direct-reduced steel production and quantify steel-sector hydrogen demand.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participant
    Toni Seibold (author)
    Task alignment
    Global pathways & power systems; Subtask C, Subtask B
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Power-system integration Industrial transition pathways
    DOI: 10.48485/pik.2025.003 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  52. Direct relevance Policy brief Subtask B

    Economic and emissions analysis of Australia-China green steelmaking value chains

    Jorrit Gosens; Alireza Rahbari; John Pye; Fiona Beck; Frank Jotzo; Augustine Ntiamoah; Wahidul Biswas; Michele John

    HILT CRC Report 2025/199 · Heavy Industry Low-carbon Transition Cooperative Research Centre

    Models Australia–China H2-DRI-EAF/ESF value chains, hydrogen-cost thresholds, ore trade, costs, and emissions.

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    Task 52 participants
    A/Prof Alireza Rahbari (author) ; Prof John Pye (author) ; Dr Jorrit Gosens (author)
    Task alignment
    Resources, supply chains & infrastructure; Subtask A, Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Emissions & life-cycle assessment Hydrogen direct reduction Supply chains & infrastructure Techno-economics DRI/HBI trade & industrial relocation
    Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  53. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    Effect of Ore Types and Temperature on Sticking and Flowability of Direct Reduced Iron in a Hydrogen Fluidized Bed Reduction

    Jae-Dong Kim; Tae-Hyeon Kim; Chang-kuk Ko; Young-Seok Lee; Myoung Gyun Shin; Youn-Bae Kang

    Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B · Springer Nature

    Experimentally evaluates sticking and flowability during hydrogen fluidised-bed reduction of iron ores, a central operability constraint for HyREX-type ironmaking.

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    Task 52 participant
    Dr Myoung Gyun Shin (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A
    Access
    Open access
    Fluidised-bed reduction Hydrogen direct reduction Safety & product quality
    DOI: 10.1007/s11663-025-03619-3 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  54. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    Elucidating microstructure evolution during hydrogen reduction of single crystal hematite

    Barak Ratzker; Martina Ruffino; Shiv Shankar; Dierk Raabe; Yan Ma

    Acta Materialia · Elsevier

    Tracks microstructure evolution in single-crystal hematite during hydrogen reduction.

    View record
    Task 52 participant
    Dr Yan Ma (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A
    Access
    Publisher page
    Hydrogen direct reduction Ore quality & beneficiation
    DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2025.121174 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  55. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask B

    Emerging green steel markets surrounding the EU emissions trading system and carbon border adjustment mechanism

    Constantin Johnson; Max Åhman; Lars J. Nilsson; Zhenxi Li

    Nature Communications · Springer Nature

    Examines how EU ETS and CBAM can create markets for hydrogen-based green iron and HBI produced in emerging economies and traded into Europe.

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    Task 52 participant
    Prof Max Åhman (author)
    Task alignment
    Resources, supply chains & infrastructure; Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Policy & regulation Markets & competitiveness Emissions & life-cycle assessment
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-64440-9 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  56. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    Evaluation of Hydrogen Reduction Characteristics of Different Iron Ore Types under HyREX Reduction Conditions

    Gi-Ho La; Ji-Wook Park; Chang-Kuk Ko; Young-Seok Lee; Myoung-Gyun Shin

    Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B · Springer Nature

    Compares the hydrogen-reduction behaviour of several iron-ore feeds under explicit HyREX conditions, with direct consequences for feed flexibility and process design.

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    Task 52 participant
    Dr Myoung Gyun Shin (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A
    Access
    Open access
    Fluidised-bed reduction Hydrogen direct reduction Ore quality & beneficiation
    DOI: 10.1007/s11663-025-03645-1 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  57. Enabling or systems Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask C

    Exploring techno-economic landscapes of abatement options for hard-to-electrify sectors

    Clara Bachorz; Philipp C. Verpoort; Gunnar Luderer; Falko Ueckerdt

    Nature Communications · Springer Nature

    Maps the cost and emissions performance of abatement options across five hard-to-electrify sectors, with hydrogen-based DRI explicitly represented for primary steel and compared with CCS and carbon removal.

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    Task 52 participants
    Prof Falko Ueckerdt (author) ; Clara Bachorz (author)
    Task alignment
    Global pathways & power systems; Subtask A, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Techno-economics Emissions & life-cycle assessment
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-59277-1 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  58. Direct relevance Conference paper Peer reviewed Subtask A

    From Concept to Reality: Exploring the Potentials of Hydrogen Plasma Smelting Reduction

    Daniel Ernst; Cameron Quick; Manuel Farkas; Michael Zarl; Johannes Schenk

    IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering · IOP Publishing

    Reports scale-up and process-development findings for hydrogen plasma smelting reduction.

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    Task 52 participant
    Manuel Farkas (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen plasma reduction
    DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/1329/1/012006 Source 1 Source 2
  59. Enabling or systems Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    From knowledge gaps to technological maturity: A comparative review of pathways to deep emission reduction for energy-intensive industries

    Philipp Diesing; Gabriel Lopez; Philipp Blechinger; Christian Breyer

    Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · Elsevier

    Compares deep-emission-reduction pathways across industries and includes a resolved iron-and-steel assessment of hydrogen direct reduction plus EAF by readiness, cost, energy, emissions, and infrastructure.

    View record
    Task 52 participant
    Gabriel Lopez (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A, Subtask C
    Access
    Publisher page
    Hydrogen direct reduction Techno-economics Supply chains & infrastructure Emissions & life-cycle assessment Industrial transition pathways Review & synthesis
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2024.115023 Source 1 Source 2
  60. Direct relevance Report Subtask B

    Green Iron opportunities in Australia: A case study within the OECD’s Global Green Iron project

    Gianpiero Mattera; Anna Lockwood; Stephan Raes

    OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers, No. 186 · OECD Publishing

    Assesses Australia’s resource base, costs, project pipeline, infrastructure and policy options for renewable-hydrogen green iron and HBI exports.

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    Task 52 participant
    Anna Lockwood (author)
    Task alignment
    Resources, supply chains & infrastructure; Subtask A, Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Ore quality & beneficiation Techno-economics Renewable energy & hydrogen supply Supply chains & infrastructure DRI/HBI trade & industrial relocation Policy & regulation
    DOI: 10.1787/bbd1e2b8-en Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  61. Direct relevance Report Subtask B

    Green iron trade: Unlocking opportunities for Japan

    Agora Industry

    Green iron trade · Agora Industry

    Models hydrogen-DRI/HBI production and green-iron trade as a strategic route for decarbonising Japan's steel supply.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participant
    Yuko Nishida (contributor)
    Task alignment
    Resources, supply chains & infrastructure; Subtask B, Subtask C, Subtask Linkage
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Techno-economics DRI/HBI trade & industrial relocation Industrial transition pathways
    Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  62. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    Green steel at atomistic scale: Ab initio simulation of surface reduction mechanism of Wüstite (FeO) by hydrogen

    Chunhe Jiang; Kejiang Li; Jianliang Zhang; Yan Ma

    Applied Surface Science · Elsevier

    Simulates atomistic surface reactions in hydrogen reduction of wüstite for green steel.

    View record
    Task 52 participant
    Dr Yan Ma (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A
    Access
    Publisher page
    Hydrogen direct reduction Process modelling
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2025.163031 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  63. Direct relevance Policy brief Subtask B

    Green Steel: an Opportunity Closer Than You Think

    Rachel Eun Ko

    NEXT Group

    Assesses Korea’s near- and long-term DRI strategy, explicitly distinguishing gas-DRI transition options from hydrogen-DRI and imported green DRI.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participant
    Rachel Eun Ko (author)
    Task alignment
    Resources, supply chains & infrastructure; Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Supply chains & infrastructure DRI/HBI trade & industrial relocation Industrial transition pathways
    DOI: 10.22982/nextip2025.04.04 Source 1 Source 2
  64. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    How hydrogen injection impacts raceway reacting flow in an ironmaking blast furnace: An industrial-scale CFD-DEM study

    Panxing Kang; Dan Xu; Yansong Shen

    Chemical Engineering Science · Elsevier

    Resolves industrial-scale raceway flow and reactions under hydrogen injection using CFD–DEM.

    View record
    Task 52 participant
    Prof Yansong Shen (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A
    Access
    Publisher page
    Blast-furnace hydrogen injection Process modelling
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2025.121423 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  65. Direct relevance Book chapter Peer reviewed Subtask A

    Hydrogen Steelmaking

    M. Shahabuddin; Geoffrey Brooks; M. Akbar Rhamdhani

    Hydrogen Energy: Production, Safety, Storage and Applications · Elsevier

    Dedicated book chapter synthesising hydrogen applications and routes in steelmaking.

    View record
    Task 52 participant
    Prof Geoffrey Brooks (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A, Subtask B
    Access
    Publisher page
    Hydrogen plasma reduction Hydrogen direct reduction Review & synthesis
    DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-443-33732-1.00024-0 Source 1 Source 2
  66. Enabling or systems Report Subtask C

    IAM_COMPACT_D4.8_Sectoral_and_cross-sectoral_analysis_Update

    Georg Holtz; Shivika Mittal; Adam Hawkes; Dirk-Jan van de Ven; Russell Horowitz; Debora Ghezzi; Lorenzo Rinaldi; Alexander Jülich

    IAM COMPACT Deliverable D4.8 · Zenodo

    Reports linked modelling of EU steel relocation, DRI trade, green-steel subsidies and CBAM, alongside financing-cost scenarios for global hydrogen markets and trade.

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    Task 52 participants
    Dr Georg Holtz (author) ; Alexander Jülich (author)
    Task alignment
    Global pathways & power systems; Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Process modelling Techno-economics DRI/HBI trade & industrial relocation Policy & regulation Markets & competitiveness Industrial transition pathways
    DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16902658 Source 1 Source 2
  67. Direct relevance Report Subtask C

    Implementing the OECD Framework for Industry’s Net-Zero Transition in South Africa: Decarbonising the Iron and Steel Sector

    Joseph Cordonnier; Joana Argemí Ribalta

    Green Finance and Investment · OECD Publishing

    Applies the OECD net-zero industry framework to South African iron and steel, with renewable-hydrogen DRI economics, infrastructure, finance and policy at the centre of the transition assessment.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participant
    Eleonora Moro (contributor)
    Task alignment
    Global pathways & power systems; Subtask A, Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Techno-economics Renewable energy & hydrogen supply Supply chains & infrastructure Policy & regulation Industrial transition pathways
    DOI: 10.1787/841540e8-en Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  68. Enabling or systems Report Subtask A

    Iron and steel: what is the state of decarbonisation technologies?

    Ysanne Choksey; Kajol; Julian Somers; UNIDO Net Zero Partnership

    Decoding Industrial Decarbonization · United Nations Industrial Development Organization

    An 11-page technology explainer with dedicated treatment of H2-DRI-EAF, H2-DRI-smelter, hydrogen blast-furnace substitution, HBI trade and the infrastructure and finance needed for deployment.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participant
    Ysanne Choksey (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A, Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Blast-furnace hydrogen injection Hydrogen direct reduction Techno-economics Supply chains & infrastructure DRI/HBI trade & industrial relocation Markets & competitiveness Industrial transition pathways
    Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  69. Enabling or systems Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask C

    JMIP2 Part 3: The pace of hydrogen and electricity adoption in Japan’s demand-side decarbonization

    Tao Cao; Eamon Frazer; Masahiro Sugiyama; Hiroto Shiraki; Shinichiro Fujimori; Kenichi Wada; Hiroshi Hamasaki; Etsushi Kato; Yuhji Matsuo; Osamu Nishiura; Tatsuya Okubo; Ken Oshiro; Takashi Otsuki; Fuminori Sano

    Energy and Climate Change · Elsevier

    Compares hydrogen and electricity adoption across Japanese demand sectors with a resolved steel-sector decomposition, including hydrogen use and offshore hydrogen-based iron reduction.

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    Task 52 participants
    Prof Masahiro Sugiyama (author) ; Tao Cao (author)
    Task alignment
    Global pathways & power systems; Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Power-system integration Industrial transition pathways
    DOI: 10.1016/j.egycc.2025.100223 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  70. Enabling or systems Model or software Subtask C

    Kopernikus-Projekt Ariadne Szenarien zur Klimaneutralität 2045 - Modellresultate PyPSA-DE

    Michael Lindner; Thomas Brown; Julian Geis; Toni Seibold

    Zenodo · Zenodo

    Archives the PyPSA-DE model results supporting a national scenario report that explicitly resolves hydrogen-DRI steel output and hydrogen demand.

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    Task 52 participant
    Toni Seibold (author)
    Task alignment
    Global pathways & power systems; Subtask C, Subtask B
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Power-system integration Industrial transition pathways
    DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15096970 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  71. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    Modelling of NOx Mitigation Strategies for Hydrogen Shrouded Supersonic Coherent Jets for Steelmaking Furnaces

    Gopal Pandey; Geoffrey Brooks; Jamal Naser; Daniel Liang

    Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B · Springer Nature

    Models NOx control for hydrogen-shrouded coherent jets used in steelmaking furnaces.

    View record
    Task 52 participant
    Prof Geoffrey Brooks (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A
    Access
    Publisher page
    Process modelling Safety & product quality
    DOI: 10.1007/s11663-025-03577-w Source 1 Source 2
  72. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    New Insights Into Hydrogen Reduction of Hematite in an Indirectly Heated Flash Reactor from Measurements and First-Order Modeling

    Babak Mokhtarani; Mehdi Jafarian; Shabnam Sabah; Tom Dufty; Geoffrey Brooks; Woei Saw; Alfonso Chinnici; Graham J. Nathan

    Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B · Springer Nature

    Combines flash-reactor measurements and first-order modelling for hydrogen reduction of hematite.

    View record
    Task 52 participants
    Dr Alfonso Chinnici (author) ; Prof Geoffrey Brooks (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A
    Access
    Publisher page
    Hydrogen direct reduction Ore quality & beneficiation Process modelling
    DOI: 10.1007/s11663-025-03465-3 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  73. Enabling or systems Report Subtask C

    Pedal to the Metal 2025: Evaluating progress toward 2030 iron and steel decarbonization goals

    Astrid Grigsby-Schulte; Henna Khadeeja; Caitlin Swalec; Rolando Almada; Ziwei Zhang; Jessie Zhi

    Global Energy Monitor

    Measures global progress toward 2030 iron and steel decarbonisation goals with explicit hydrogen-DRI capacity and project assessment.

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    Task 52 participant
    Astrid Grigsby-Schulte (author)
    Task alignment
    Global pathways & power systems; Subtask C, Subtask A, Subtask B
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Industrial transition pathways
    Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  74. Enabling or systems Report Subtask C

    Policy Toolbox for Industrial Decarbonisation

    Antonella Pasetto; Tiffany Vass; Isabel Geppert

    Climate Club Work Programme · International Energy Agency

    Provides a sector-grounded toolbox for steel and cement, including policy instruments for hydrogen-based production technologies, clean-material markets and shared hydrogen and power infrastructure.

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    Task 52 participant
    Isabel Geppert (author)
    Task alignment
    Global pathways & power systems; Subtask B, Subtask C, Subtask Linkage
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Supply chains & infrastructure Policy & regulation Markets & competitiveness Industrial transition pathways
    Source 1 Source 2
  75. Direct relevance Conference paper Peer reviewed Subtask A

    Powering Chemical Processes with Renewable Energy: A case of Green Iron Making in Steel Industry

    Dorcas J. Tuitoek; Daniel Holmes; Binjian Nie; Aidong Yang

    35th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering (ESCAPE35) · ESCAPE35

    Applies renewable-power process modelling directly to green ironmaking in the steel industry.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participant
    Prof Aidong Yang (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A, Subtask B
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Process modelling Renewable energy & hydrogen supply
    Source 1 Source 2
  76. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    Process modelling for production of hydrogen-based DRI in shaft furnaces using different ore grades

    M. Shahabuddin; Alireza Rahbari; Shabnam Sabah; Geoffrey Brooks; John Pye; M. Akbar Rhamdhani

    Ironmaking & Steelmaking · SAGE Publications

    Directly models hydrogen DRI shaft-furnace performance for ores of different grade.

    View record
    Task 52 participants
    Prof John Pye (author) ; A/Prof Alireza Rahbari (author) ; Prof Geoffrey Brooks (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A, Subtask B
    Access
    Publisher page
    Hydrogen direct reduction Ore quality & beneficiation Process modelling
    DOI: 10.1177/03019233241254666 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  77. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask B

    Production of green steel from low-grade ores: An end-to-end techno-economic assessment

    Alireza Rahbari; M. Shahabuddin; Shabnam Sabah; Geoffrey Brooks; John Pye

    Cell Reports Sustainability · Elsevier

    Performs end-to-end techno-economic assessment of hydrogen-based green steel using low-grade ores.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participants
    Prof John Pye (author) ; A/Prof Alireza Rahbari (author) ; Prof Geoffrey Brooks (author)
    Task alignment
    Resources, supply chains & infrastructure; Subtask A, Subtask B
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Ore quality & beneficiation Techno-economics
    DOI: 10.1016/j.crsus.2024.100301 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  78. Enabling or systems Report Subtask C

    Providing a knowledge base for decarbonizing the Kazakh metals industries (DeKaMe): final report

    Georg Holtz; Alexander Jülich; Katharina Knoop; Anna Leipprand; José Acosta-Fernandez; Süheyb Bilici; Peter Viebahn

    Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy

    Develops deep-decarbonisation pathways for Kazakhstan’s metals sector, with iron and steel and hydrogen-based routes as material components.

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    Task 52 participants
    Alexander Jülich (author) ; Dr Georg Holtz (author)
    Task alignment
    Global pathways & power systems; Subtask A, Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Policy & regulation Industrial transition pathways
    DOI: 10.48506/opus-8779 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  79. Enabling or systems Preprint Subtask C

    Pursuing decarbonization and competitiveness: a narrow corridor for European green industrial transformation

    Alice Di Bella; Toni Seibold; Tom Brown; Massimo Tavoni

    arXiv · arXiv

    Uses an industry-resolved European model in which steel, hydrogen, and traded green intermediates materially determine decarbonisation and competitiveness outcomes.

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    Task 52 participant
    Toni Seibold (author)
    Task alignment
    Global pathways & power systems; Subtask C, Subtask B
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Process modelling DRI/HBI trade & industrial relocation Markets & competitiveness Industrial transition pathways
    DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2510.08199 Source 1 Source 2
  80. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask B

    Renewables pull and strategic push – What drives hydrogen-based steel relocation?

    Björn Nykvist; Jindan Gong; Jonas Algers; Max Åhman

    Applied Energy · Elsevier

    Directly models how renewable-energy costs and strategic policy drive the relocation of hydrogen-based iron and steel production.

    View record
    Task 52 participant
    Prof Max Åhman (author)
    Task alignment
    Resources, supply chains & infrastructure; Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Publisher page
    Hydrogen direct reduction Techno-economics Renewable energy & hydrogen supply DRI/HBI trade & industrial relocation Policy & regulation
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126189 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  81. Enabling or systems Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask C

    Research on low-carbon development strategies in steel industry: Review and prospect

    Ruiyu Yin; Fangqin Shangguan; Zhifeng Cui

    China Metallurgy · China Metallurgical Information and Standardization Institute

    Reviews steel-sector low-carbon strategies and treats hydrogen-reduction/EAF as one of three resolved development routes.

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    Task 52 participant
    Prof Fangqin Shangguan (author)
    Task alignment
    Global pathways & power systems; Subtask C, Subtask A
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Industrial transition pathways Review & synthesis
    DOI: 10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1006-9356.20250058 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  82. Enabling or systems Dataset Subtask C

    Software for the interactive webapp on ‘Exploring techno-economic landscapes of abatement options for hard-to-electrify sectors’

    Clara Bachorz; Philipp C. Verpoort; Gunnar Luderer; Falko Ueckerdt

    Zenodo · Zenodo

    Provides the reproducible model and interactive implementation for the paper's steel-sector comparison, including hydrogen-DRI inputs, costs and abatement outcomes.

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    Task 52 participants
    Prof Falko Ueckerdt (author) ; Clara Bachorz (author)
    Task alignment
    Global pathways & power systems; Subtask A, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Techno-economics Industrial transition pathways
    DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15020532 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  83. Enabling or systems Formal expert evidence Subtask B

    Statement of Evidence of Jill Cooper

    Jillian Wendy Cooper

    Taranaki VTM Project Fast-track Approvals proceeding · New Zealand Ministry for the Environment Fast-track Approvals

    Provides formal expert evidence on iron-ore suitability, impurity removal, DRI/EAF transition and claimed hydrogen-produced green-steel premiums for a proposed New Zealand ore project.

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    Task 52 participant
    Jill Cooper (author)
    Task alignment
    Resources, supply chains & infrastructure; Subtask A, Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Ore quality & beneficiation Markets & competitiveness Industrial transition pathways
    Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  84. Enabling or systems Report Subtask C

    Steel decarbonisation policy mapping

    Anna Lockwood; Michael Alonzi

    Climate Club Work Programme · Climate Club Interim Secretariat

    Maps 232 active steel-decarbonisation policies across 15 jurisdictions and treats hydrogen-based DRI and hydrogen availability as explicit technology and enabling-policy categories.

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    Task 52 participant
    Anna Lockwood (author)
    Task alignment
    Global pathways & power systems; Subtask A, Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Renewable energy & hydrogen supply Policy & regulation Industrial transition pathways
    Source 1 Source 2
  85. Enabling or systems Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask Linkage

    Steel Decarbonization—from Optimization to Transformation

    Jonas Algers; Max Åhman; Lars J. Nilsson

    Annual Review of Environment and Resources · Annual Reviews

    Comprehensive steel-decarbonisation review identifying green-hydrogen direct reduction as the increasingly preferred primary-iron route and linking it to relocation, capacity and policy transformation.

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    Task 52 participant
    Prof Max Åhman (author)
    Task alignment
    Task linkage & exchange; Subtask A, Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Process modelling Renewable energy & hydrogen supply DRI/HBI trade & industrial relocation Policy & regulation Industrial transition pathways Review & synthesis
    DOI: 10.1146/annurev-environ-111523-101851 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  86. Enabling or systems Report Subtask C

    Support for decarbonising heavy industry in emerging markets and developing economies: Where we stand, where we need to go and how to get there

    Joseph Cordonnier; Eleonora Moro; Cécile Séguineaud; Deger Saygin; Cecilia Tam; Andrew Ruttinger; Tiffany Vass; Luke Hatton

    OECD Publishing

    Assesses finance and technical assistance for heavy-industry decarbonisation in emerging economies, including steel projects and the clean-hydrogen supply, infrastructure and de-risking required for low-emission ironmaking.

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    Task 52 participants
    Eleonora Moro (author) ; Dr Andrew Ruttinger (author)
    Task alignment
    Global pathways & power systems; Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Techno-economics Renewable energy & hydrogen supply Supply chains & infrastructure Markets & competitiveness Emissions & life-cycle assessment Industrial transition pathways
    DOI: 10.1787/7787cde0-en Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  87. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    Sustainable ironmaking from low-grade iron ores: A kinetic study on thermal decomposition and reduction of iron (II) oxalate

    Antonio Trinca; Nicola Verdone; Özge Özgün; Yan Ma; Isnaldi R. Souza Filho; Dierk Raabe; Giorgio Vilardi

    Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering · Elsevier

    Tests hydrogen as a reducing atmosphere for converting low-grade-ore-derived iron(II) oxalate to metallic iron and develops kinetics suitable for process simulation and scale-up.

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    Task 52 participant
    Dr Yan Ma (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A, Subtask B
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Ore quality & beneficiation Process modelling
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2025.119573 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  88. Enabling or systems Working paper Subtask C

    Synthesising Current Knowledge on the Renewables Pull: A Systematic Literature Review

    Sascha Samadi; Andreas Fischer; Philipp C. Verpoort; Finn Müller-Hansen; Falko Ueckerdt

    EconStor · Leibniz Information Centre for Economics

    Systematically reviews 81 peer-reviewed renewables-pull studies; hydrogen-based steel is one of the principal materials used to assess relocation, trade and value-chain effects.

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    Task 52 participants
    Prof Falko Ueckerdt (author) ; Andreas Fischer (author)
    Task alignment
    Global pathways & power systems; Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Renewable energy & hydrogen supply Supply chains & infrastructure DRI/HBI trade & industrial relocation Review & synthesis
    Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  89. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask B

    Technoeconomic analysis of low-emission steelmaking using hydrogen thermal plasma

    Christopher Cooper; Geoffrey Brooks; M. Akbar Rhamdhani; John Pye; Alireza Rahbari

    Journal of Cleaner Production · Elsevier

    Quantifies costs and emissions of hydrogen thermal-plasma steelmaking.

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    Task 52 participants
    Prof John Pye (author) ; A/Prof Alireza Rahbari (author) ; Prof Geoffrey Brooks (author)
    Task alignment
    Resources, supply chains & infrastructure; Subtask A, Subtask B
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen plasma reduction Techno-economics Emissions & life-cycle assessment
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.144896 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  90. Direct relevance Report Subtask Linkage

    The Breakthrough Agenda Report 2025: Accelerating Sector Transitions Through Stronger International Collaboration

    Matthildi Apostolou; Jose Miguel Bermudez Menendez; Leonardo Collina; Chiara Delmastro; Carl Greenfield; Mathilde Huismans; Clara Klint; Andrew Ruttinger; Richard Simon; Tiffany Vass; Rebecca Brookes; Mohamed Hegazy; Kapil Narula; Will Wild; Leigh Ann Winowiecki

    International Energy Agency (IEA), in collaboration with the Climate High-Level Champions · IEA

    Includes a dedicated deep-dive chapter, 'International Offtake Agreements for Near-Zero Emissions Iron', that identifies hydrogen direct reduced iron followed by electric arc furnace (H2-DRI-EAF) as the most technologically advanced near-zero emissions steelmaking route, quantifies its cost premium over BF-BOF production and the barriers created by limited access to low-emissions hydrogen, and assesses how decoupling iron and steel production could enable international trade of near-zero iron. Andrew Ruttinger is named among the ten principal IEA authors of the report's analysis.

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    Task 52 participants
    Dr Andrew Ruttinger (author) ; Dr Matthildi Apostolou (author)
    Task alignment
    Task linkage & exchange; Subtask Linkage, Subtask B
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Techno-economics Supply chains & infrastructure DRI/HBI trade & industrial relocation Emissions & life-cycle assessment Industrial transition pathways
    Source 1 Source 2
  91. Direct relevance Report Subtask B

    The role of green iron trade in accelerating competitive steel transformation

    Camilla Oliveira; Leandro Janke; Darlene D’Mello; Niklas Wagner; Ysanne Choksey; Karina Marzano; Julian Somers; Zaffar Hussain

    Agora Industry

    Models competitive H2-DRI and HBI locations and shows how green-iron trade, strategic partnerships and coordinated policy can accelerate global steel transformation.

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    Task 52 participant
    Ysanne Choksey (author)
    Task alignment
    Resources, supply chains & infrastructure; Subtask A, Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction DRI/HBI trade & industrial relocation Policy & regulation Markets & competitiveness
    Source 1 Source 2
  92. Direct relevance Report Subtask C

    The State of the European Steel Transition

    Ysanne Choksey; Johanna Lehne; Carlota Ruiz Bautista

    E3G and Beyond Fossil Fuels

    Reviews Europe’s company-level steel transition, project pipeline, policy gaps and hydrogen-DRI deployment, including risks from fossil-gas lock-in and insufficient renewable hydrogen.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participant
    Ysanne Choksey (author)
    Task alignment
    Global pathways & power systems; Subtask A, Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Renewable energy & hydrogen supply Policy & regulation Industrial transition pathways
    Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  93. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    Transient-state behaviours of blast furnace ironmaking: the role of shaft-injected hydrogen

    Xiaobing Yu; Yansong Shen

    Advanced Powder Technology · Elsevier

    Studies transient blast-furnace response and operational control with shaft-injected hydrogen.

    View record
    Task 52 participant
    Prof Yansong Shen (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A
    Access
    Publisher page
    Blast-furnace hydrogen injection Process modelling
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2025.105040 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  94. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    A Review on the Modeling and Simulation of Shaft Furnace Hydrogen Metallurgy: A Chemical Engineering Perspective

    Yang Fei; Xiaoping Guan; Shibo Kuang; Aibing Yu; Ning Yang

    ACS Engineering Au · American Chemical Society

    Synthesises shaft-furnace hydrogen-metallurgy models, governing reactions and scale-up challenges.

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    Task 52 participant
    A/Prof Shibo Kuang (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Process modelling Review & synthesis
    DOI: 10.1021/acsengineeringau.3c00033 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  95. Enabling or systems Report Subtask C

    Accelerating Industrial Decarbonization in China: Key Climate Actions for Iron and Steel Companies

    Shuyi Li; Ting Li; Wei Li; Shutong (Lucy) Lu; Peishan Wang; Boya Zhang

    RMI

    Provides company-level action pathways for Chinese iron and steel, including explicit deployment conditions for hydrogen-based reduction.

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    Task 52 participant
    Shuyi Li (author)
    Task alignment
    Global pathways & power systems; Subtask C, Subtask A
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Policy & regulation Industrial transition pathways
    Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  96. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    Analysis on technology readiness level of hydrogen metallurgy process

    Bing Ni; Xiaoping Lin; Fangqin Shangguan; Xiuping Li; Jicheng Zhou; Tao Li; Jiahui Jin

    China Metallurgy · China Metallurgical Information and Standardization Institute

    Systematically evaluates technology readiness across hydrogen-metallurgy routes and identifies scale-up gaps for hydrogen ironmaking.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participant
    Prof Fangqin Shangguan (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Review & synthesis
    DOI: 10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1006-9356.20240434 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  97. Direct relevance Conference paper Peer reviewed Subtask A

    Carbon-free electrodes in hydrogen plasma smelting reduction: An innovative approach for low emission steelmaking

    Michael Andreas Zarl; Manuel Farkas; Bernhard Geier; Daniel Ernst

    8th European Coke and Ironmaking Congress (ECIC 2024) · AIST

    Develops carbon-free electrode concepts specifically for hydrogen plasma smelting reduction and low-emission steelmaking.

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    Task 52 participant
    Manuel Farkas (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A
    Access
    Publisher page
    Hydrogen plasma reduction Emissions & life-cycle assessment
    Source 1 Source 2
  98. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    Carburization Behavior of High-Grade Pellets After Direct Reduction in Pure Hydrogen

    Angelo Perrone; Pasquale Cavaliere; Behzad Sadeghi; L. Dijon; A. Laska; D. Koszelow

    Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy · Springer Science and Business Media LLC

    Analyses the carburization potential of high-grade iron ore pellets after direct reduction in pure hydrogen, showing how pellet porosity governs reduction efficiency and downstream carbon pickup relevant to hydrogen-based ironmaking; Dijon (Vale) is a named co-author, tying the work to feedstock/ore-quality decisions for the hydrogen route.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participant
    Dr Leandro Dijon (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Ore quality & beneficiation
    DOI: 10.1007/s40831-024-00906-2 Source 1 Source 2
  99. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    CFD study of the residence time distribution of shaft-injected hydrogen in a blast furnace

    Xiaobing Yu; Yansong Shen

    Fuel · Elsevier

    Quantifies residence-time distributions for shaft-injected hydrogen in blast furnaces.

    View record
    Task 52 participant
    Prof Yansong Shen (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A
    Access
    Publisher page
    Blast-furnace hydrogen injection Process modelling
    DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2024.132193 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  100. Direct relevance Conference paper Subtask A

    Characterization of Hydrogen DRI Samples from ZESTY Process

    B. A. Nuraeni; I. R. Ignacio; G. Brooks; D. C. Nababan; M. A. Rhamdhani; M. E. Boot-Handford; Y. Xia; T. Dufty; M. G. Sceats

    AISTech 2024 Proceedings · Association for Iron & Steel Technology

    Characterises direct-reduced-iron samples produced by the ZESTY hydrogen flash-reduction process, including the properties needed for subsequent steelmaking.

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    Task 52 participant
    Dr Matt Boot-Handford (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A
    Access
    Restricted or paywalled
    Hydrogen direct reduction Ore quality & beneficiation
    DOI: 10.33313/388/032 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  101. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    Co-injection of hydrogen and biochar (CoHB) in a simulated blast furnace: A univariate and multivariate study

    Ming Jiang Gan; Yiran Liu; Yansong Shen

    Fuel · Elsevier

    Uses univariate and multivariate analysis to optimise hydrogen–biochar co-injection in a blast furnace.

    View record
    Task 52 participant
    Prof Yansong Shen (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A
    Access
    Publisher page
    Blast-furnace hydrogen injection
    DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2024.131966 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  102. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    Direct reduction of pellets through hydrogen: Experimental and model behaviour

    Pasquale Cavaliere; Angelo Perrone; Leandro Dijon; Aleksandra Laska; Damian Koszelow

    International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · Elsevier BV

    Presents experimental hydrogen reduction of industrial-grade pellets (low basicity index, no TiO2) in a laboratory shaft furnace across 600-1200 degC and 1-5 bar, with a multi-objective optimisation model of reduction kinetics; directly addresses hydrogen-DRI feedstock suitability, a core Task 52 Subtask A question, with Dijon of Vale as third author.

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    Task 52 participant
    Dr Leandro Dijon (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Ore quality & beneficiation Process modelling
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.11.040 Source 1 Source 2
  103. Enabling or systems Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask B

    Economics of Electrowinning Iron from Ore for Green Steel Production

    Matthew S. Humbert; Geoffrey A. Brooks; Alan R. Duffy; Chad Hargrave; M. Akbar Rhamdhani

    Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy · Springer Nature

    Provides a consequential economic comparator to hydrogen direct reduction for primary green-iron production.

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    Task 52 participant
    Prof Geoffrey Brooks (author)
    Task alignment
    Resources, supply chains & infrastructure; Subtask A, Subtask B
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Techno-economics
    DOI: 10.1007/s40831-024-00878-3 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  104. Enabling or systems Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    Effect of gangue on CO2 emission for different decarbonisation pathways

    Shabnam Sabah; M. Shahabuddin; Alireza Rahbari; Geoffrey Brooks; John Pye; M. Akbar Rhamdhani

    Ironmaking & Steelmaking · SAGE Publications

    Compares how gangue changes emissions across steel decarbonisation pathways, including hydrogen-based direct reduction.

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    Task 52 participants
    Prof John Pye (author) ; A/Prof Alireza Rahbari (author) ; Prof Geoffrey Brooks (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A, Subtask B
    Access
    Publisher page
    Hydrogen direct reduction Ore quality & beneficiation Emissions & life-cycle assessment Industrial transition pathways
    DOI: 10.1177/03019233241242553 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  105. Direct relevance Conference paper Subtask A

    ENERGIRON Flexible Technology for Sustainable Future

    Dario Pauluzzi; Mohab Mahmoud; Lucca Mottes

    52º Seminário de Redução de Minérios e Matérias-Primas, ABM Proceedings · Editora Blucher

    Describes the ENERGIRON direct reduction technology's ability to process a range of iron oxides using hydrogen, natural gas or coke oven gas as reducing gases, explicitly framing hydrogen uptake as a phased transition pathway to hydrogen-based direct reduction for green steel production. Both the iron oxide reduction process and the hydrogen reductant role are substantive and explicit.

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    Task 52 participant
    Mohab Mahmoud (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Ore quality & beneficiation Industrial transition pathways
    DOI: 10.5151/2594-357x-41034 Source 1 Source 2
  106. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask B

    Global trade of green iron as a game changer for a near-zero global steel industry? A scenario-based assessment of regionalized impacts

    Süheyb Bilici; Georg Holtz; Alexander Jülich; Robin König; Zhenxi Li; Hilton Trollip; Bryce Mc Call; Annika Tönjes; Saritha Sudharmma Vishwanathan; Ole Zelt; Stefan Lechtenböhmer; Stefan Kronshage; Andreas Meurer

    Energy and Climate Change · Elsevier

    Models global trade of hydrogen-reduced green iron, relocated hydrogen demand and regional steel-system cost impacts.

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    Task 52 participants
    Alexander Jülich (author) ; Dr Georg Holtz (author)
    Task alignment
    Resources, supply chains & infrastructure; Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Power-system integration Process modelling Techno-economics DRI/HBI trade & industrial relocation Industrial transition pathways
    DOI: 10.1016/j.egycc.2024.100161 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  107. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    Green Ironmaking at Higher H2 Pressure: Reduction Kinetics and Carbon-Free Magnet Fabrication

    Özge Özgün; Imants Dirba; Oliver Gutfleisch; Yan Ma; Dierk Raabe

    Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy · Springer Nature

    Tests elevated hydrogen pressure for faster green-iron reduction and subsequent carbon-free processing.

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    Task 52 participant
    Dr Yan Ma (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction
    DOI: 10.1007/s40831-024-00877-4 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  108. Direct relevance Report Subtask B

    Green Metals for Sustainable Steel from Australia and Germany: German-Australian Feasibility and Technical Study

    Rahman Daiyan; Iain MacGill; Peter Ellersdorfer; Changlong Wang; Ismet Canbulat; Serkan Saydam; T.C. Leung; M.H.A. Khan

    SuSteelAG project · UNSW Sydney

    Tests the technical and commercial feasibility of an Australia–Germany green-metal value chain centred on renewable-hydrogen direct reduction.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participants
    A/Prof Rahman Daiyan (author) ; Dr Changlong Wang (author)
    Task alignment
    Resources, supply chains & infrastructure; Subtask A, Subtask B, Subtask C, Subtask Linkage
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Renewable energy & hydrogen supply Supply chains & infrastructure DRI/HBI trade & industrial relocation
    Source 1 Source 2
  109. Direct relevance Conference paper Subtask B

    Green steel supply chain options between Australia and Japan

    Changlong Wang; Stuart D.C. Walsh; Marcus W. Haynes; Zhehan Weng; Andrew J. Feitz

    Exploring for the Future 2024 Extended Abstracts · Geoscience Australia

    Compares hydrogen-enabled green-iron and green-steel supply-chain configurations linking Australian resources with Japanese demand.

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    Task 52 participants
    Dr Changlong Wang (author) ; A/Prof Stuart Walsh (author) ; Dr Marcus Haynes (author) ; Dr Andrew Feitz (author)
    Task alignment
    Resources, supply chains & infrastructure; Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Supply chains & infrastructure DRI/HBI trade & industrial relocation
    DOI: 10.26186/149413 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  110. Enabling or systems Report Subtask C

    Greening the Steel Sector in India: Roadmap and Action Plan

    Neha Verma; Deepak Yadav; Karthik Shetty; Rudhi Pradhan; Karan Kothadiya; Rishabh Patidar; Hemant Mallya; Sobhanbabu PRK; N. K. Ram; Souvik Bhattacharjya; Manish Kumar Shrivastava; Arupendra Nath Mullick; Mayank Aggarwal; Mandavi Singh

    Ministry of Steel, Government of India

    Provides India's multi-lever steel-decarbonisation roadmap, with a substantial green-hydrogen chapter covering H2 injection, hydrogen DRI, pilot projects, infrastructure and policy actions.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participant
    Biswadeep Bhattacharjee (contributor)
    Task alignment
    Global pathways & power systems; Subtask A, Subtask B, Subtask C, Subtask Linkage
    Access
    Open access
    Blast-furnace hydrogen injection Hydrogen direct reduction Supply chains & infrastructure Policy & regulation Industrial transition pathways
    Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  111. Direct relevance Conference paper Peer reviewed Subtask A

    Hydrogen Direct Reduction and Carburization of High-Grade Pellets

    Pasquale Cavaliere; Natalia Ramos Concalves; Leandro Dijon

    Proceedings of the 63rd Conference of Metallurgists, COM 2024 · Springer Nature Switzerland

    Conference paper on hydrogen direct reduction and subsequent carburization of high-grade iron ore pellets, examining how hydrogen-DRI processing conditions affect the carbon content needed downstream for steelmaking; Dijon of Vale is a named co-author on the feedstock side of this route-performance work.

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    Task 52 participant
    Dr Leandro Dijon (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A
    Access
    Restricted or paywalled
    Hydrogen direct reduction Ore quality & beneficiation
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-67398-6_127 Source 1 Source 2
  112. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    Hydrogen direct reduction and reoxidation behaviour of high-grade pellets

    Pasquale Cavaliere; Leandro Dijon; Aleksandra Laska; Damian Koszelow

    International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · Elsevier BV

    Reports laboratory hydrogen direct reduction and re-oxidation of high-grade iron ore pellets supplied for hydrogen-DRI use, characterising porosity and tortuosity changes that govern reduction kinetics; Dijon, Vale's direct reduction technical manager, is second author, directly informing Task 52 feedstock/ore-quality assessment for the hydrogen route.

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    Task 52 participant
    Dr Leandro Dijon (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Ore quality & beneficiation
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.08.254 Source 1 Source 2
  113. Enabling or systems Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask B

    Impact of global heterogeneity of renewable energy supply on heavy industrial production and green value chains

    Philipp C. Verpoort; Lukas Gast; Anke Hofmann; Falko Ueckerdt

    Nature Energy · Springer Nature

    Quantifies the renewables-pull effect for steel, urea and ethylene and compares shipping hydrogen with relocating energy-intensive intermediate production, directly informing green-iron value chains.

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    Task 52 participant
    Prof Falko Ueckerdt (author)
    Task alignment
    Resources, supply chains & infrastructure; Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Renewable energy & hydrogen supply Supply chains & infrastructure DRI/HBI trade & industrial relocation
    DOI: 10.1038/s41560-024-01492-z Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  114. Enabling or systems Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    Iron Oxide Direct Reduction and Iron Nitride Formation Using Ammonia: Review and Thermodynamic Analysis

    Tiara Triana; Geoffrey A. Brooks; M. Akbar Rhamdhani; Mark I. Pownceby

    Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy · Springer Nature

    Reviews ammonia as a hydrogen carrier and reductant for iron oxides and analyses iron-nitride formation thermodynamics.

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    Task 52 participant
    Prof Geoffrey Brooks (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A, Subtask B
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    Open access
    Ammonia reduction Hydrogen direct reduction Process modelling Review & synthesis
    DOI: 10.1007/s40831-024-00860-z Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  115. Direct relevance Working paper Subtask C

    Ironing out the way for green steel: Financing a green hydrogen-based ironmaking plant in an emerging market

    Hasan Muslemani; Stephen Craen; Paul Butterworth; Daniel Duma; Martin Lambert

    OIES Paper CM10 · Oxford Institute for Energy Studies

    Develops a financing case for a green-hydrogen ironmaking plant in an emerging market, including project economics, risk allocation and policy de-risking.

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    Task 52 participant
    Dr Paul Butterworth (author)
    Task alignment
    Global pathways & power systems; Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Techno-economics Policy & regulation Markets & competitiveness
    Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  116. Direct relevance Report Subtask C

    Korea Net-Zero Steel Roadmap Ⅱ: with Five-Year Strategies to Achieve a 1.5°C-compliant Pathway

    Rachel Eun Ko

    NEXT Group

    Builds a 1.5°C-aligned Korean steel roadmap that explicitly sequences hydrogen reduction, delayed hydrogen supply, and green-hydrogen/DRI procurement.

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    Task 52 participant
    Rachel Eun Ko (author)
    Task alignment
    Global pathways & power systems; Subtask C, Subtask B
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Renewable energy & hydrogen supply Policy & regulation Industrial transition pathways
    DOI: 10.22982/nextrp.2024.10.2 Source 1 Source 2
  117. Enabling or systems Report Subtask B

    Low-carbon technologies for the global steel transformation: A guide to the most effective ways to cut emissions in steelmaking

    Wido K. Witecka; Julian Somers; Kathy Reimann; Niklas Wagner; Ole Zelt; Alexander Jülich; Clemens Schneider; Max Åhman

    Agora Industry, Wuppertal Institute and Lund University

    Compares eight low-carbon steel technologies and treats hydrogen DRI, hydrogen costs and green-iron trade as consequential options.

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    Task 52 participants
    Alexander Jülich (author) ; Prof Max Åhman (author)
    Task alignment
    Resources, supply chains & infrastructure; Subtask A, Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Techno-economics DRI/HBI trade & industrial relocation Emissions & life-cycle assessment
    Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  118. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    Numerical Simulation of the Hydrogen-Based Directly Reduced Iron Melting Process

    Xiaoping Lin; Bing Ni; Fangqin Shangguan

    Processes · MDPI

    Numerically analyses the melting stage for hydrogen-based directly reduced iron, including furnace flow, heat transfer, and process performance.

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    Task 52 participant
    Prof Fangqin Shangguan (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Process modelling
    DOI: 10.3390/pr12030537 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  119. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    Optimization of Hydrogen Utilization and Process Efficiency in the Direct Reduction of Iron Oxide Pellets: A Comprehensive Analysis of Processing Parameters and Pellet Composition

    Angelo Perrone; Pasquale Cavaliere; Behzad Sadeghi; Leandro Dijon; Aleksandra Laska

    steel research international · Wiley

    Quantifies hydrogen consumption and process efficiency across a wide matrix of direct-reduction conditions (600-1300 degC, 1-5 bar, varying TiO2/Al2O3/CaO/SiO2 pellet chemistry) using pellets supplied by Vale, directly bearing on feedstock composition and hydrogen-DRI process optimisation that Task 52 Subtask A tracks; Dijon of Vale is a named co-author.

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    Task 52 participant
    Dr Leandro Dijon (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Ore quality & beneficiation Process modelling
    DOI: 10.1002/srin.202400565 Source 1 Source 2
  120. Enabling or systems Report Subtask C

    Pedal to the Metal 2024: Building momentum for iron and steel decarbonization

    Marie Armbruster; Astrid Grigsby-Schulte; Caitlin Swalec

    Global Energy Monitor

    Assesses global iron and steel capacity plans against decarbonisation needs, including explicit hydrogen-DRI deployment and reductant requirements.

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    Task 52 participant
    Astrid Grigsby-Schulte (author)
    Task alignment
    Global pathways & power systems; Subtask C, Subtask A
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Industrial transition pathways
    Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  121. Enabling or systems Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask C

    Phase-in and phase-out policies in the global steel transition

    Jonas Algers; Max Åhman

    Climate Policy · Taylor & Francis

    Uses route-specific Green Steel Tracker projects, many based on hydrogen-DRI, to assess how policy-driven phase-in must be paired with phase-out of emissions-intensive capacity.

    View record
    Task 52 participant
    Prof Max Åhman (author)
    Task alignment
    Global pathways & power systems; Subtask A, Subtask C
    Access
    Publisher page
    Hydrogen direct reduction Policy & regulation Emissions & life-cycle assessment Industrial transition pathways
    DOI: 10.1080/14693062.2024.2353127 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  122. Enabling or systems Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask B

    Power-to-X Economy: Green e-hydrogen, e-fuels, e-chemicals, and e-materials opportunities in Africa

    Ayobami Solomon Oyewo; Gabriel Lopez; Mai ElSayed; Tansu Galimova; Christian Breyer

    Energy Reports · Elsevier

    Models African Power-to-X opportunities with a resolved Moroccan e-steel case comparing hydrogen, HBI, and finished-steel trade under H-DRI-EAF production.

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    Task 52 participant
    Gabriel Lopez (author)
    Task alignment
    Resources, supply chains & infrastructure; Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Renewable energy & hydrogen supply DRI/HBI trade & industrial relocation
    DOI: 10.1016/j.egyr.2024.08.011 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  123. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask B

    Prospects of regional supply chain relocation for iron & steel industry decarbonization: A case study of Japan and Australia

    Tao Cao; Masahiro Sugiyama; Yiyi Ju

    Resources, Conservation and Recycling · Elsevier

    Models relocation of hydrogen-enabled iron and steel production between Japan and Australia, with explicit supply-chain, cost, emissions, and trade results.

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    Task 52 participants
    Prof Masahiro Sugiyama (author) ; Tao Cao (author) ; Dr Yiyi Ju (author)
    Task alignment
    Resources, supply chains & infrastructure; Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Emissions & life-cycle assessment Hydrogen direct reduction Supply chains & infrastructure Techno-economics DRI/HBI trade & industrial relocation Industrial transition pathways
    DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2024.107804 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  124. Enabling or systems Report Subtask C

    Relevanz von ‘Renewables Pull’ in der Grundstoffindustrie

    Andreas Fischer; Katharina Knoop; Alexander Leuthold; Sascha Samadi

    SCI4climate.NRW · German Economic Institute and Wuppertal Institute

    Synthesises company interviews across five basic-material sectors, including steel, on relocation pressures from international cost differences in renewable electricity and green energy carriers such as hydrogen.

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    Task 52 participant
    Andreas Fischer (author)
    Task alignment
    Global pathways & power systems; Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Techno-economics Renewable energy & hydrogen supply DRI/HBI trade & industrial relocation Review & synthesis
    Source 1 Source 2
  125. Direct relevance Report Subtask B

    South Australian Green Iron Supply Chain Study: Modelling Green Iron Production with Renewable Hydrogen and Magnetite Iron Ore in South Australia

    Changlong Wang; Stuart D.C. Walsh

    South Australian Green Iron Supply Chain Study · Monash University for the South Australian Department for Energy and Mining

    Models a South Australian green-iron system built around renewable hydrogen and magnetite, including production configuration, cost and export-chain implications.

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    Task 52 participants
    Dr Changlong Wang (author) ; A/Prof Stuart Walsh (author)
    Task alignment
    Resources, supply chains & infrastructure; Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Ore quality & beneficiation Process modelling Techno-economics Renewable energy & hydrogen supply Supply chains & infrastructure DRI/HBI trade & industrial relocation
    Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  126. Direct relevance Policy brief Subtask A

    Steel from DRI without CO2 emissions: A brief risk assessment with comparative pathways

    Max Åhman

    Environmental and Energy Systems Studies Policy Brief · Lund University

    Direct comparative risk assessment of hydrogen-DRI-EAF versus natural-gas/CCS DRI routes, including hydrogen, electricity, ore and competitiveness risks.

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    Task 52 participant
    Prof Max Åhman (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A, Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Markets & competitiveness Emissions & life-cycle assessment Industrial transition pathways
    Source 1 Source 2
  127. Enabling or systems Policy brief Subtask C

    Submission to DISR Green Metals Consultation: Unlocking Green Metals Opportunities for a Future Made in Australia: Consultation Paper

    Changlong Wang; Stuart Walsh; Yuxiang Wu; Graham Palmer; Scott Hamilton; Hao Wang; Roger Dargaville

    Australian Government Green Metals Consultation · Monash Energy Institute

    Provides policy recommendations for Australian green metals and treats renewable hydrogen and green iron as material enabling options.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participants
    Dr Yuxiang Wu (author) ; Dr Changlong Wang (author) ; A/Prof Stuart Walsh (author) ; A/Prof Scott Hamilton (author)
    Task alignment
    Global pathways & power systems; Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Renewable energy & hydrogen supply Policy & regulation
    Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  128. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    Synergistic effect of oxygen-rich and hydrogen-rich blast on gas phase in the lower part of blast furnace

    Tao Li; Fangqin Shangguan; Guangwei Wang; Cuiliu Zhang; Desheng Li

    Heliyon · Elsevier

    Models the coupled effect of oxygen-rich and hydrogen-rich blast injection on the lower blast-furnace gas phase.

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    Task 52 participant
    Prof Fangqin Shangguan (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A
    Access
    Open access
    Blast-furnace hydrogen injection Process modelling Industrial transition pathways
    DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36715 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  129. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask C

    Techno-economic optimisation of steel supply chains in the clean energy transition: A case study of post-war Ukraine

    Alexandra Devlin; Vlad Mykhnenko; Anastasiia Zagoruichyk; Nicholas Salmon; Myroslava Soldak

    Journal of Cleaner Production · Elsevier

    Optimises post-war Ukrainian steel supply chains and explicitly models hydrogen-based steel production, siting, costs, exports and reconstruction pathways.

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    Task 52 participant
    Dr Alli Devlin (author)
    Task alignment
    Global pathways & power systems; Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Process modelling Techno-economics Supply chains & infrastructure DRI/HBI trade & industrial relocation Industrial transition pathways
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.142675 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  130. Direct relevance Report Subtask A

    Technological Pathways for a Green Iron and Green Steel Supply Chain

    Peter Ellersdorfer; T.C. Leung; M.H.A. Khan; Ismet Canbulat; Serkan Saydam; Iain MacGill; Rahman Daiyan

    SuSteelAG project · UNSW Sydney

    Compares hydrogen direct reduction and alternative production pathways as the technical basis for a cross-border green-iron and green-steel chain.

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    Task 52 participant
    A/Prof Rahman Daiyan (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A, Subtask B
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Supply chains & infrastructure Industrial transition pathways
    Source 1 Source 2
  131. Direct relevance Conference paper Subtask B

    The Green Steel Economic Fairways Mapper

    Marcus W. Haynes; Changlong Wang; Stuart D.C. Walsh; Zhehan Weng; Andrew J. Feitz

    Exploring for the Future 2024 Extended Abstracts · Geoscience Australia

    Documents a steel-specific economic-fairways method for locating hydrogen-enabled green-steel production and associated infrastructure.

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    Task 52 participants
    Dr Marcus Haynes (author) ; Dr Changlong Wang (author) ; A/Prof Stuart Walsh (author) ; Dr Andrew Feitz (author)
    Task alignment
    Resources, supply chains & infrastructure; Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Process modelling Techno-economics Supply chains & infrastructure
    DOI: 10.26186/149249 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  132. Enabling or systems Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    Thermal Kinetics and Nitriding Effect of Ammonia-Based Direct Reduction of Iron Oxides

    Matic Jovičević-Klug; Yan Ma; P. Jovičević-Klug; J. M. Prabhakar; Michael Rohwerder; Dierk Raabe

    ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering · American Chemical Society

    Characterises kinetics and nitriding in ammonia-based iron-oxide reduction, an alternative hydrogen-carrier pathway.

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    Task 52 participant
    Dr Yan Ma (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A, Subtask B
    Access
    Publisher page
    Ammonia reduction Hydrogen direct reduction Industrial transition pathways
    DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.4c02363 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  133. Enabling or systems Report Subtask Linkage

    Towards the Green Steel Market Formation: Issues and Conditions for the Use of the Mass Balance Method

    Yuko Nishida

    Renewable Energy Institute

    Examines market accounting for green steel while explicitly comparing hydrogen direct-reduction projects and the conditions under which their environmental attributes reach buyers.

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    Task 52 participant
    Yuko Nishida (author)
    Task alignment
    Task linkage & exchange; Subtask B, Subtask C, Subtask Linkage
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Policy & regulation Markets & competitiveness
    Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  134. Enabling or systems Report Subtask C

    Transformation der energieintensiven Industrie – Wettbewerbsfähigkeit durch strukturelle Anpassung und grüne Importe

    Philipp C. Verpoort; Falko Ueckerdt; Yvonne Beck; Diego Bietenholz; Andrea Dertinger; Tobias Fleiter; Anna Grimm; Gunnar Luderer; Marius Neuwirth; Adrian Odenweller; Thobias Sach; Matthias Schimmel; Luisa Sievers

    Ariadne Report · Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research

    Assesses climate-neutral German steel and chemicals value chains under expensive domestic green hydrogen, including imports of green intermediate products and structural adjustment of steel production.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participant
    Prof Falko Ueckerdt (author)
    Task alignment
    Global pathways & power systems; Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Supply chains & infrastructure DRI/HBI trade & industrial relocation Markets & competitiveness
    DOI: 10.48485/pik.2024.019 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  135. Enabling or systems Report Subtask B

    Transitioning China’s Industries: Creating Clusters for Large-scale Green Hydrogen Integration

    Shuyi Li; Ting Li; Peishan Wang; Yujun Xue

    RMI

    Designs production–storage–transport–use clusters for green hydrogen and includes steel as a resolved industrial integration case.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participant
    Shuyi Li (author)
    Task alignment
    Resources, supply chains & infrastructure; Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Supply chains & infrastructure Industrial transition pathways
    Source 1 Source 2
  136. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask B

    Unlocking new export opportunities: An open-source framework for assessing green iron and steel supply chains

    Peter Ellersdorfer; Changlong Wang; Serkan Saydam; Ismet Canbulat; Iain MacGill; Rahman Daiyan

    International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · Elsevier

    Presents an open-source techno-economic framework for hydrogen-enabled green-iron and green-steel export pathways between producer and demand regions.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participants
    Dr Changlong Wang (author) ; A/Prof Rahman Daiyan (author)
    Task alignment
    Resources, supply chains & infrastructure; Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Techno-economics Supply chains & infrastructure DRI/HBI trade & industrial relocation Industrial transition pathways
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.10.163 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  137. Enabling or systems Report Subtask C

    Unlocking the First Wave of Breakthrough Steel Investments in China

    Shuyi Li; Ting Li; Yujun Xue; Rong Yan

    RMI

    Models the economics and policy support for first-wave breakthrough steel projects, including green-hydrogen cost and subsidy requirements.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participant
    Shuyi Li (author)
    Task alignment
    Global pathways & power systems; Subtask C, Subtask A
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Techno-economics Policy & regulation
    Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  138. Direct relevance Report Subtask C

    15 insights on the global steel transformation

    Wido K. Witecka; Oliver von Eitzen Toni; Julian Somers; Kathy Reimann; Ole Zelt; Alexander Jülich; Clemens Schneider; Stefan Lechtenböhmer

    Agora Industry and Wuppertal Institute

    Sets out an accelerated global steel pathway built around hydrogen-based steelmaking, DRI deployment and green-iron trade.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participant
    Alexander Jülich (author)
    Task alignment
    Global pathways & power systems; Subtask A, Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction DRI/HBI trade & industrial relocation Policy & regulation Industrial transition pathways
    Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  139. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    A novel ironmaking decarbonisation technology — co-injection of hydrogen and biochar (CoHB): A CFD study of combustion in the raceway under simulated blast furnace conditions

    Ming Jiang Gan; Yiran Liu; Yansong Shen

    Fuel · Elsevier

    Introduces and models hydrogen–biochar co-injection for lower-carbon blast-furnace raceway operation.

    View record
    Task 52 participant
    Prof Yansong Shen (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A
    Access
    Publisher page
    Blast-furnace hydrogen injection Process modelling Industrial transition pathways
    DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2023.128745 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  140. Direct relevance Conference paper Subtask A

    Calix’ Zero Emissions Steel Technology (ZESTY) – Flash Hydrogen Direct Reduction of Low-Grade Ores to Green Iron and Steel Products

    Matthew E. Boot-Handford; Thomas Dufty; Bintang A. Nuraeni; Isis Rosa Ignacio; Yun Xia; Andrew Adipuri; Matthew Gill; Andrew Okely; Phil Hodgson; Mark G. Sceats; Geoffrey A. Brooks

    METEC & 6th ESTAD 2023 · METEC & ESTAD

    Presents the ZESTY flash hydrogen direct-reduction process for converting low-grade iron ores into green iron and steel products, making both hydrogen and ironmaking central.

    View record
    Task 52 participant
    Dr Matt Boot-Handford (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A, Subtask B
    Access
    Publisher page
    Hydrogen direct reduction Ore quality & beneficiation Emissions & life-cycle assessment
    Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  141. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    CFD study of hydrogen co-injection through tuyere and shaft of an ironmaking blast furnace

    Ziguang Zhao; Xiaobing Yu; Yuntao Li; Jinming Zhu; Yansong Shen

    Fuel · Elsevier

    Tests combined tuyere and shaft hydrogen injection in an ironmaking blast furnace.

    View record
    Task 52 participant
    Prof Yansong Shen (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A
    Access
    Publisher page
    Blast-furnace hydrogen injection Process modelling
    DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2023.128641 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  142. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask B

    Decarbonisation and hydrogen integration of steel industries: Recent development, challenges and technoeconomic analysis

    M. Shahabuddin; Geoffrey Brooks; Muhammad Akbar Rhamdhani

    Journal of Cleaner Production · Elsevier

    Reviews hydrogen integration across steel production routes, technical barriers and techno-economic performance.

    View record
    Task 52 participant
    Prof Geoffrey Brooks (author)
    Task alignment
    Resources, supply chains & infrastructure; Subtask A, Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Publisher page
    Hydrogen plasma reduction Hydrogen direct reduction Techno-economics Industrial transition pathways Review & synthesis
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.136391 Source 1 Source 2
  143. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    Effect of Pore Formation on Redox-Driven Phase Transformation

    Xuyang Zhou; Yang Bai; Ayman A. El-Zoka; Se-Ho Kim; Yan Ma; Christian H. Liebscher; Baptiste Gault; Jaber R. Mianroodi; Gerhard Dehm; Dierk Raabe

    Physical Review Letters · American Physical Society

    Reveals pore-formation physics that controls redox phase transformation in hydrogen-reduced iron oxides.

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    Task 52 participant
    Dr Yan Ma (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction
    DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.168001 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  144. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    Effects of the Electrodes’ Shape and Graphite Quality on the Arc Stability During Hydrogen Plasma Smelting Reduction of Iron Ores

    Daniel Ernst; Michael Andreas Zarl; Manuel Andreas Farkas; Johannes Schenk

    steel research international · Wiley

    Tests electrode geometry and graphite properties that control arc stability in hydrogen plasma iron-ore reduction.

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    Task 52 participant
    Manuel Farkas (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen plasma reduction Hydrogen direct reduction
    DOI: 10.1002/srin.202200818 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  145. Enabling or systems Technical article Subtask A

    FerroSilva – Creating a new industrial eco-system

    Rutger Gyllenram; Peter Samuelsson; Göran Nyström

    Green Steel World, Issue 6 · KCI Publishing

    Describes the FerroSilva biomass-syngas direct-reduction process and explicitly compares its industrial system, renewable-energy needs and carbon balance with electrolytic green-hydrogen DRI.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participant
    Göran Nyström (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A, Subtask B
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Renewable energy & hydrogen supply Emissions & life-cycle assessment
    Source 1 Source 2
  146. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    Fundamentals of Green Steel Production: On the Role of Gas Pressure During Hydrogen Reduction of Iron Ores

    Isnaldi R. Souza Filho; Yan Ma; Dierk Raabe; Hauke Springer

    JOM · Springer Nature

    Determines how gas pressure influences hydrogen iron-ore reduction and green-steel reactor design.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participant
    Dr Yan Ma (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction
    DOI: 10.1007/s11837-023-05829-z Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  147. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask B

    Global green hydrogen-based steel opportunities surrounding high quality renewable energy and iron ore deposits

    Alexandra Devlin; Jannik Kossen; Haulwen Goldie-Jones; Aidong Yang

    Nature Communications · Springer Nature

    Maps global co-location and trade opportunities for renewable hydrogen-based steel using ore and renewable-resource quality.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participants
    Prof Aidong Yang (author) ; Dr Alli Devlin (author)
    Task alignment
    Resources, supply chains & infrastructure; Subtask A, Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Ore quality & beneficiation Renewable energy & hydrogen supply Techno-economics DRI/HBI trade & industrial relocation
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38123-2 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  148. Enabling or systems Report Subtask Linkage

    Green Hydrogen for Sustainable Industrial Development: A Policy Toolkit for Developing Countries

    Smeeta Fokeer; Jan Sievernich; Andrea Heredia; Emanuele Bianco; Yury Melnikov; Rita Strohmaier; Almudena Nunez; Andreas Stamm

    United Nations Industrial Development Organization, International Renewable Energy Agency and German Institute of Development and Sustainability

    The developing-country green-hydrogen policy toolkit contains dedicated steel value-chain analysis covering H2-DRI, green-iron trade and relocation, finance, standards and demand creation.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participant
    Smeeta Fokeer (author)
    Task alignment
    Task linkage & exchange; Subtask B, Subtask C, Subtask Linkage
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Techno-economics Supply chains & infrastructure DRI/HBI trade & industrial relocation Policy & regulation
    Source 1 Source 2
  149. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask B

    Green steel: synergies between the Australian iron ore industry and the production of green hydrogen

    Changlong Wang; Stuart D.C. Walsh; Zhehan Weng; Marcus W. Haynes; Daisy Summerfield; Andrew Feitz

    International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · Elsevier

    Models renewable-hydrogen and Australian-iron-ore co-location, infrastructure synergies, and green-steel production costs as the central research question.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participants
    Dr Changlong Wang (author) ; A/Prof Stuart Walsh (author) ; Dr Marcus Haynes (author) ; Dr Andrew Feitz (author)
    Task alignment
    Resources, supply chains & infrastructure; Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Process modelling Techno-economics Renewable energy & hydrogen supply Supply chains & infrastructure
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.05.041 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  150. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    How much hydrogen is in green steel?

    Özge Özgün; Xu Lu; Yan Ma; Dierk Raabe

    npj Materials Degradation · Springer Nature

    Measures retained hydrogen in hydrogen-reduced iron and assesses implications for downstream green-steel processing.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participant
    Dr Yan Ma (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Safety & product quality
    DOI: 10.1038/s41529-023-00397-8 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  151. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask C

    How upstream methane emissions can impact cost and emissions of steelmaking routes?

    Amaury M. Souza; Rilei V. Ribeiro; Leandro D. Oliveira; Alexandre P. Alves da Silva

    Journal of Materials Research and Technology · Elsevier

    Compares BF-BOF, natural-gas DRI-EAF, blue-hydrogen DRI-EAF and green-hydrogen DRI-EAF steel routes, quantifying how methane leakage changes both cost and life-cycle emissions.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participant
    Dr Amaury Souza (author)
    Task alignment
    Global pathways & power systems; Subtask A, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Blast-furnace hydrogen injection Hydrogen direct reduction Techno-economics Emissions & life-cycle assessment
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.04.238 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  152. Direct relevance Book chapter Peer reviewed Subtask A

    Hydrogen-Based Direct Reduction of Iron Oxides

    Dierk Raabe; Hauke Springer; Isnaldi R. Souza Filho; Yan Ma

    Sustainable Steel · Springer Nature

    Provides a dedicated synthesis of mechanisms, materials effects and process implications for hydrogen direct reduction of iron oxides.

    View record
    Task 52 participant
    Dr Yan Ma (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A
    Access
    Publisher page
    Hydrogen direct reduction Review & synthesis
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-22634-2_10 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  153. Enabling or systems Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask C

    Low-carbon development of steel industry

    Fangqin Shangguan; Ruiyu Yin; Zhifeng Cui; Bing Ni; Tao Li; Jicheng Zhou; Xiuping Li

    Iron & Steel · China Metallurgical Information and Standardization Institute

    Develops a Chinese steel decarbonisation pathway with explicit hydrogen demand and a quantified hydrogen-reduction/EAF production share.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participant
    Prof Fangqin Shangguan (author)
    Task alignment
    Global pathways & power systems; Subtask C, Subtask A
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Process modelling Power-system integration Industrial transition pathways
    DOI: 10.13228/j.boyuan.issn0449-749x.20230365 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  154. Methods and capability Not hydrogen‑steel evidence Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask B

    Optimising renewable generation configurations of off-grid green ammonia production systems considering Haber-Bosch flexibility

    Changlong Wang; Stuart D.C. Walsh; Thomas Longden; Graham Palmer; Israel Lutalo; Roger Dargaville

    Energy Conversion and Management · Elsevier

    Applies a mixed-integer programming model to optimise off-grid renewable generation configurations for green ammonia export, across Australian sites with differing solar and wind quality, operating modes and seasonal complementarity with buyers. The product studied is ammonia and the paper resolves no iron or steel case, but the siting and off-grid renewable sizing method is the one the Task applies to green iron supply chains. Listed under methods and capability only.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participants
    Dr Changlong Wang (author) ; A/Prof Stuart Walsh (author)
    Task alignment
    Resources, supply chains & infrastructure; Subtask B
    Access
    Open access
    Ammonia reduction Hydrogen direct reduction Techno-economics Renewable energy & hydrogen supply Supply chains & infrastructure DRI/HBI trade & industrial relocation Power-system integration
    DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2023.116790 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  155. Enabling or systems Policy brief Subtask C

    Paris compatible steel capacity: Contraction and replacement for zero emissions

    Jonas Algers; Max Åhman; Lars J. Nilsson

    Lund University Policy Brief · Environmental and Energy Systems Studies, Lund University

    Links Paris-compatible capacity replacement to hydrogen-DRI investment, green-hydrogen supply and trade in hydrogen-reduced hot-briquetted iron.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participant
    Prof Max Åhman (author)
    Task alignment
    Global pathways & power systems; Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Techno-economics Renewable energy & hydrogen supply DRI/HBI trade & industrial relocation Emissions & life-cycle assessment Industrial transition pathways
    Source 1 Source 2
  156. Enabling or systems Report Subtask C

    Pedal to the Metal 2023: Time to Shift Steel Decarbonization into High Gear

    Caitlin Swalec; Astrid Grigsby-Schulte

    Global Energy Monitor

    Tracks global steel capacity against decarbonisation milestones and explicitly evaluates the shift required toward hydrogen-DRI/EAF.

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    Task 52 participant
    Astrid Grigsby-Schulte (author)
    Task alignment
    Global pathways & power systems; Subtask C, Subtask A
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Industrial transition pathways
    Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  157. Methods and capability Not hydrogen‑steel evidence Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask B

    Power sector effects of green hydrogen production in Germany

    Dana Kirchem; Wolf-Peter Schill

    Energy Policy · Elsevier

    Uses an open-source electricity sector model to quantify how three green hydrogen supply chains interact with the German power system in 2030, covering electrolysis flexibility, renewable curtailment and storage needs. The paper contains no iron or steel analysis. It is listed as evidence of the power system modelling capability that Task 52 draws on for hydrogen supply, not as evidence about hydrogen for iron and steelmaking.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participant
    Dr Wolf-Peter Schill (author)
    Task alignment
    Resources, supply chains & infrastructure; Subtask B
    Access
    Open access
    Process modelling Renewable energy & hydrogen supply Supply chains & infrastructure Power-system integration
    DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2023.113738 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  158. Enabling or systems Report Subtask B

    Prospects of Renewable Hydrogen in China and Its Role in Industrial Decarbonisation

    Kevin Jianjun Tu; Isadora Wang

    Sino-German Energy Transition Project · GIZ

    A broader industrial-hydrogen report with explicit, consequential analysis of Chinese hydrogen metallurgy, H2-DRI sites, steel-sector prioritisation and green-steel procurement.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participant
    Li Wang (contributor)
    Task alignment
    Resources, supply chains & infrastructure; Subtask B, Subtask C, Subtask Linkage
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Renewable energy & hydrogen supply Policy & regulation Markets & competitiveness Industrial transition pathways
    Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  159. Enabling or systems Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    Reducing Iron Oxide with Ammonia: A Sustainable Path to Green Steel

    Yan Ma; Jae Wung Bae; Se-Ho Kim; Matic Jovičević-Klug; Kejiang Li; Dirk Vogel; Dirk Ponge; Michael Rohwerder; Baptiste Gault; Dierk Raabe

    Advanced Science · Wiley

    Demonstrates ammonia direct reduction as a hydrogen-carrier route to green iron and compares its reduction chemistry with hydrogen.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participant
    Dr Yan Ma (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A, Subtask B
    Access
    Open access
    Ammonia reduction Hydrogen direct reduction
    DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300111 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  160. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    The Adsorption Mechanism of Hydrogen on FeO Crystal Surfaces: A Density Functional Theory Study

    Shujie Zhang; Kejiang Li; Yan Ma; Yushan Bu; Zeng Liang; Zonghao Yang; Jianliang Zhang

    Nanomaterials · MDPI

    Uses density-functional theory to resolve the first adsorption steps in hydrogen reduction of wüstite.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participant
    Dr Yan Ma (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction
    DOI: 10.3390/nano13142051 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  161. Direct relevance Report Subtask B

    The Path to Green Steel: Pursuing Zero-Carbon Steelmaking in Japan

    Yuko Nishida; Takanobu Aikawa; Yuri Okubo; Akiko Hirose; Teruyuki Ohno

    Renewable Energy Institute

    Develops a Japan-specific zero-carbon steelmaking pathway in which renewable-hydrogen iron reduction, electricity supply and industrial policy are central.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participant
    Yuko Nishida (author)
    Task alignment
    Resources, supply chains & infrastructure; Subtask A, Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Renewable energy & hydrogen supply Policy & regulation Markets & competitiveness Industrial transition pathways
    Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  162. Enabling or systems Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask B

    The renewables pull effect: How regional differences in renewable energy costs could influence where industrial production is located in the future

    Sascha Samadi; Andreas Fischer; Stefan Lechtenböhmer

    Energy Research & Social Science · Elsevier

    Quantifies location effects for hydrogen-based DRI and ammonia, directly connecting renewable-energy cost differences to green-steel production and trade geography.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participant
    Andreas Fischer (author)
    Task alignment
    Resources, supply chains & infrastructure; Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Ammonia reduction Hydrogen direct reduction Techno-economics Renewable energy & hydrogen supply DRI/HBI trade & industrial relocation
    DOI: 10.1016/j.erss.2023.103257 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  163. Enabling or systems Report Subtask B

    The resilience of steel: Navigating the crossroads

    Artem Baroyan; Oleksandr Kravchenko; Carolina Prates; Steven Vercammen; Benedikt Zeumer

    McKinsey & Company (Metals and Mining Practice) · McKinsey & Company

    Analyses steel-industry decarbonisation pathways with quantified comparison of the hydrogen-based DRI-EAF route against the conventional BF-BOF route, including power demand (over 3.0 MWh/t for H2-DRI-EAF versus about 0.1 MWh/t for BF-BOF), achievable CO2 intensity using green hydrogen for iron reduction, and the resulting DR-grade iron ore supply deficit, directly informing route competitiveness and feedstock feasibility questions.

    View record
    Task 52 participant
    Artem Baroyan (author)
    Task alignment
    Resources, supply chains & infrastructure; Subtask A, Subtask B
    Access
    Publisher page
    Hydrogen direct reduction Ore quality & beneficiation Techno-economics Supply chains & infrastructure Markets & competitiveness Industrial transition pathways
    Source 1
  164. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    Thermodynamic analysis of carbon deposition in the preparation of hydrogen-rich reducing gas for direct reduction processes

    Fengman Shen; Fang Long; Weiling Zhang; Shuo Wang; Haiyan Zheng; Yansong Shen

    Fuel · Elsevier

    Assesses carbon-deposition limits when preparing hydrogen-rich reducing gas for direct-reduction ironmaking.

    View record
    Task 52 participant
    Prof Yansong Shen (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A, Subtask B
    Access
    Publisher page
    Hydrogen direct reduction Process modelling
    DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2023.128739 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  165. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask B

    Towards defossilised steel: Supply chain options for a green European steel industry

    Gabriel Lopez; Tansu Galimova; Mahdi Fasihi; Dmitrii Bogdanov; Christian Breyer

    Energy · Elsevier

    Compares European green-steel supply-chain configurations centred on renewable hydrogen, DRI/HBI, steel production, and trade.

    View record
    Task 52 participant
    Gabriel Lopez (author)
    Task alignment
    Resources, supply chains & infrastructure; Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Publisher page
    Hydrogen direct reduction Renewable energy & hydrogen supply Supply chains & infrastructure DRI/HBI trade & industrial relocation
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.127236 Source 1 Source 2
  166. Enabling or systems Report Subtask C

    Treibhausgasneutralität in Deutschland bis 2045: Ein Szenario aus dem Projekt SCI4climate.NRW

    Larissa Doré; Manfred Fischedick; Andreas Fischer; Thomas Hanke; Georg Holtz; Christine Krüger; Stefan Lechtenböhmer; Sascha Samadi; Mathieu Saurat; Clemens Schneider; Annika Tönjes

    SCI4climate.NRW · Wuppertal Institute

    Contains a dedicated, bottom-up German steel chapter modelling the transition to hydrogen-DRI, associated hydrogen demand and imports, and alternative DRI-import configurations through 2045.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participants
    Dr Georg Holtz (author) ; Andreas Fischer (author)
    Task alignment
    Global pathways & power systems; Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Process modelling DRI/HBI trade & industrial relocation Power-system integration Industrial transition pathways
    Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  167. Enabling or systems Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask Linkage

    A climate club to decarbonize the global steel industry

    Lukas Hermwille; Stefan Lechtenböhmer; Max Åhman; Harro van Asselt; Chris Bataille; Stefan Kronshage; Annika Tönjes; Manfred Fischedick; Sebastian Oberthür; Amit Garg; Catherine Hall; Patrick Jochem; Clemens Schneider; Ryna Cui; Wolfgang Obergassel; Panagiotis Fragkos; Saritha Sudharmma Vishwanathan; Hilton Trollip

    Nature Climate Change · Springer Nature

    Proposes a sectoral climate club to accelerate the global steel transformation, using emerging hydrogen-based and other near-zero production projects to frame technology, market and policy cooperation.

    View record
    Task 52 participant
    Prof Max Åhman (author)
    Task alignment
    Task linkage & exchange; Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Publisher page
    Policy & regulation Markets & competitiveness Industrial transition pathways
    DOI: 10.1038/s41558-022-01383-9 Source 1 Source 2
  168. Direct relevance Report Subtask C

    Achieving Green Steel: Roadmap to a Net Zero Steel Sector in India

    Will Hall; Sachin Kumar; Sneha Kashyap; Shruti Dayal

    The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) / Energy Transitions Commission India · The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI)

    Follow-up roadmap to the 2020 consultation document setting out a policy and investment pathway to a net-zero Indian steel sector, built around hydrogen direct reduction and smelting-reduction-with-CCUS as the core low-carbon production routes.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participant
    Will Hall (author)
    Task alignment
    Global pathways & power systems; Subtask A, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Techno-economics Policy & regulation Industrial transition pathways
    Source 1
  169. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    Chemo-mechanical phase-field modeling of iron oxide reduction with hydrogen

    Yang Bai; Jaber Rezaei Mianroodi; Yan Ma; Alisson Kwiatkowski da Silva; Bob Svendsen; Dierk Raabe

    Acta Materialia · Elsevier

    Models coupled chemical and mechanical evolution during hydrogen reduction of iron oxide.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participant
    Dr Yan Ma (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Process modelling
    DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2022.117899 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  170. Direct relevance Report Subtask C

    Clean Hydrogen–Based Steel in China and Europe: Policy Development and China’s Implication

    Shuyi Li; Ting Li; Guangyu Tan; Yujun Xue

    RMI

    Compares European and Chinese policy for clean-hydrogen-based steel and derives China-specific deployment implications.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participant
    Shuyi Li (author)
    Task alignment
    Global pathways & power systems; Subtask C, Subtask A
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Renewable energy & hydrogen supply Policy & regulation
    Source 1 Source 2
  171. Direct relevance Conference paper Subtask B

    From Australian iron ore to green steel: the opportunity for technology-driven decarbonisation

    Changlong Wang; Stuart D.C. Walsh; Marcus W. Haynes; Zhehan Weng; Andrew Feitz; Daisy Summerfield; Israel Lutalo

    Exploring for the Future 2022 Showcase · Geoscience Australia

    Assesses technology pathways and spatial opportunities for converting Australian iron ore into hydrogen-enabled green steel.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participants
    Dr Changlong Wang (author) ; A/Prof Stuart Walsh (author) ; Dr Marcus Haynes (author) ; Dr Andrew Feitz (author)
    Task alignment
    Resources, supply chains & infrastructure; Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Techno-economics Supply chains & infrastructure Industrial transition pathways
    DOI: 10.26186/147005 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  172. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    Green steel at its crossroads: Hybrid hydrogen-based reduction of iron ores

    Isnaldi R. Souza Filho; Hauke Springer; Yan Ma; Ankita Mahajan; Cauê C. da Silva; Michael Kulse; Dierk Raabe

    Journal of Cleaner Production · Elsevier

    Evaluates hybrid hydrogen reduction as a practical transition route to green steel.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participant
    Dr Yan Ma (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A, Subtask B
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Industrial transition pathways
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.130805 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  173. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    Hierarchical nature of hydrogen-based direct reduction of iron oxides

    Yan Ma; Isnaldi R. Souza Filho; Yang Bai; Johannes Schenk; Fabrice Patisson; Arik Beck; Jeroen A. van Bokhoven; Marc G. Willinger; Kejiang Li; Degang Xie; Dirk Ponge; Stefan Zaefferer; Baptiste Gault; Jaber R. Mianroodi; Dierk Raabe

    Scripta Materialia · Elsevier

    Explains multiscale reaction and transport phenomena governing hydrogen-based iron-oxide reduction.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participant
    Dr Yan Ma (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction
    DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2022.114571 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  174. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    Hydrogen-based direct reduction of iron oxide at 700°C: Heterogeneity at pellet and microstructure scales

    Yan Ma; Isnaldi R. Souza Filho; Xue Zhang; Supriya Nandy; Pere Barriobero-Vila; Guillermo Requena; Dirk Vogel; Michael Rohwerder; Dirk Ponge; Hauke Springer; Dierk Raabe

    International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials · Springer Nature

    Quantifies reduction heterogeneity from pellet to microstructure scale during hydrogen DRI production.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participant
    Dr Yan Ma (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Ore quality & beneficiation
    DOI: 10.1007/s12613-022-2440-5 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  175. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    Numerical Investigation of Burden Distribution in Hydrogen Blast Furnace

    Jing Li; Shibo Kuang; Ruiping Zou; Aibing Yu

    Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B · Springer Nature

    Quantifies burden distribution and gas–solid behaviour in a hydrogen blast furnace.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participant
    A/Prof Shibo Kuang (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A
    Access
    Publisher page
    Blast-furnace hydrogen injection Process modelling
    DOI: 10.1007/s11663-022-02672-6 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  176. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    Numerical modeling and analysis of hydrogen blast furnace ironmaking process

    Jing Li; Shibo Kuang; Lulu Jiao; Lingling Liu; Ruiping Zou; Aibing Yu

    Fuel · Elsevier

    Builds and applies a numerical model of hydrogen blast-furnace ironmaking.

    View record
    Task 52 participant
    A/Prof Shibo Kuang (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A
    Access
    Publisher page
    Blast-furnace hydrogen injection Process modelling
    DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2022.124368 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  177. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask B

    Regional supply chains for decarbonising steel: Energy efficiency and green premium mitigation

    Alexandra Devlin; Aidong Yang

    Energy Conversion and Management · Elsevier

    Models regional green-hydrogen steel supply chains and quantifies efficiency and green-premium effects.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participants
    Prof Aidong Yang (author) ; Dr Alli Devlin (author)
    Task alignment
    Resources, supply chains & infrastructure; Subtask A, Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Markets & competitiveness Process modelling Supply chains & infrastructure Techno-economics DRI/HBI trade & industrial relocation Industrial transition pathways
    DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2022.115268 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  178. Direct relevance Model or software Subtask B

    Steel Transformation Cost Calculator

    Thomas Mühlpointner; Alexander Scholz; Alexander Jülich

    Agora Industry, FutureCamp and Wuppertal Institute

    Open calculation model for incremental and CO2-reduction costs of green-hydrogen DRI steelmaking against the blast-furnace route.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participant
    Alexander Jülich (author)
    Task alignment
    Resources, supply chains & infrastructure; Subtask A, Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Blast-furnace hydrogen injection Hydrogen direct reduction Techno-economics Policy & regulation
    Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  179. Direct relevance Conference paper Peer reviewed Subtask A

    Sustainable iron production via hydrogen-based reduction and electrolysis of iron ores: Basic research opportunities

    Isnaldi R. Souza Filho; Yan Ma; Ankita Mahajan; Ömer K. Büyükuslu; Matic Jovičević-Klug; Dirk Ponge; Hauke Springer; Dierk Raabe

    4th International Conference on Energy and Material Efficiency and CO2 Reduction in the Steel Industry · ABM Proceedings / Editora Blucher

    Synthesises experimental opportunities for molecular-hydrogen reduction, hydrogen-plasma reduction and electrolysis of iron ores for green steel.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participant
    Dr Yan Ma (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A, Subtask B
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen plasma reduction Hydrogen direct reduction Review & synthesis
    DOI: 10.5151/5463-5463-35037 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  180. Direct relevance Conference paper Subtask C

    The Potential Use of H2 in Brazilian Blast Furnaces as a Lever to Reduce CO2 Emissions

    Leandro Dijon de Oliveira Campos; Amaury de Melo Souza; Juliana de Moraes Marreco de Freitas; Jean Philippe Santos Gherardi de Alencar

    4th EMECR — International Conference on Energy and Material Efficiency and CO2 Reduction in the Steel Industry · Editora Blucher

    Quantifies hydrogen injection into Brazilian blast furnaces as a steel-specific emissions-reduction option, including technical limits, hydrogen demand and economic implications.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participant
    Dr Amaury Souza (author)
    Task alignment
    Global pathways & power systems; Subtask A, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Blast-furnace hydrogen injection Techno-economics Power-system integration Emissions & life-cycle assessment
    DOI: 10.5151/5463-5463-35032 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  181. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask C

    Trends in the global steel industry: Evolutionary projections and defossilisation pathways through power-to-steel

    Gabriel Lopez; Javier Farfan; Christian Breyer

    Journal of Cleaner Production · Elsevier

    Projects global steel production and explicitly models power-to-steel defossilisation pathways based on renewable electricity and hydrogen.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participant
    Gabriel Lopez (author)
    Task alignment
    Global pathways & power systems; Subtask C, Subtask A
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Renewable energy & hydrogen supply Industrial transition pathways
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.134182 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  182. Direct relevance Report Subtask B

    Value Chain Cultivation for Clean Hydrogen-Based Steel: Closing the Loop

    Jin Li; Shuyi Li; Yujun Xue

    RMI

    Examines the value-chain conditions needed to establish clean-hydrogen-based steel production and demand in China.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participant
    Shuyi Li (author)
    Task alignment
    Resources, supply chains & infrastructure; Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Renewable energy & hydrogen supply Supply chains & infrastructure Markets & competitiveness
    Source 1 Source 2
  183. Enabling or systems Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask C

    Zero-carbon steel production: The opportunities and role for Australia

    Mahesh Venkataraman; Zsuzsanna Csereklyei; Emma Aisbett; Alireza Rahbari; Frank Jotzo; Michael Lord; John Pye

    Energy Policy · Elsevier

    Evaluates Australian zero-carbon steel pathways, with renewable-hydrogen direct reduction as a consequential route.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participants
    Prof John Pye (author) ; A/Prof Alireza Rahbari (author)
    Task alignment
    Global pathways & power systems; Subtask A, Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Techno-economics Renewable energy & hydrogen supply Policy & regulation Industrial transition pathways
    DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2022.112811 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  184. Enabling or systems Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    A review of CO2 emissions reduction technologies and low-carbon development in the iron and steel industry focusing on China

    Lei Ren; Sheng Zhou; Tianduo Peng; Xunmin Ou

    Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · Elsevier

    Reviews Chinese iron-and-steel decarbonisation routes and treats hydrogen metallurgy as an explicit technology and development pathway within a broader route portfolio.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participant
    A/Prof Tianduo Peng (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Emissions & life-cycle assessment Industrial transition pathways Review & synthesis
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2021.110846 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  185. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    CFD Study of Hydrogen Injection in Blast Furnaces: Tuyere Co-injection of Hydrogen and Coal

    Yiran Liu; Zhongjie Hu; Yansong Shen

    Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B · Springer Nature

    Models tuyere co-injection of hydrogen and coal in a blast furnace and its effects on raceway reactions.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participant
    Prof Yansong Shen (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A
    Access
    Open access
    Blast-furnace hydrogen injection Process modelling
    DOI: 10.1007/s11663-021-02156-z Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  186. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    CFD study of hydrogen injection through tuyeres into ironmaking blast furnaces

    Yuting Zhuo; Zhongjie Hu; Yansong Shen

    Fuel · Elsevier

    Quantifies tuyere hydrogen-injection behaviour in ironmaking blast furnaces.

    View record
    Task 52 participant
    Prof Yansong Shen (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A
    Access
    Publisher page
    Blast-furnace hydrogen injection Process modelling
    DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120804 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  187. Enabling or systems Report Subtask B

    Conceptualisation of the potential Renewables-Pull-Effect

    Sascha Samadi; Stefan Lechtenböhmer; Peter Viebahn; Andreas Fischer

    SCI4climate.NRW · Wuppertal Institute

    Conceptualises relocation driven by low-cost renewable energy using hydrogen-based DRI steel as a principal industrial case, including German project examples and trade implications.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participant
    Andreas Fischer (author)
    Task alignment
    Resources, supply chains & infrastructure; Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Techno-economics Renewable energy & hydrogen supply DRI/HBI trade & industrial relocation
    Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  188. Enabling or systems Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    Development and testing of flameless burner fed by NG/H2 mix

    Umberto Zanusso; Jimmy Fabro; Irene Luzzo; Filippo Cirilli

    Matériaux & Techniques · EDP Sciences

    Develops and tests a 2.0 MW industrial flameless burner on a 30% hydrogen/70% methane blend, using CFD and experimental trials to confirm stable, low-NOx combustion, and explicitly concludes that flameless combustion is one of the most suitable techniques for introducing hydrogen fuel into the iron and steel industry; the steel-industry application is the stated target but the experimental object is the burner rather than a steel product.

    View record
    Task 52 participant
    Filippo Cirilli (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A
    Access
    Publisher page
    Process modelling Safety & product quality
    DOI: 10.1051/mattech/2022004 Source 1 Source 2
  189. Enabling or systems Book chapter Peer reviewed Subtask A

    Development of Low Carbon Technology in China's Iron and Steel Industry

    Lei Ren; Tianduo Peng; Xunmin Ou

    China's Resources, Energy and Sustainable Development: 2020 · Springer Singapore

    Provides a steel-sector technology assessment in which hydrogen-based production is an explicit low-carbon pathway alongside other routes.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participant
    A/Prof Tianduo Peng (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Industrial transition pathways Review & synthesis
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-33-6100-3_7 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  190. Enabling or systems Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    Effects of H2 combustion on scale growth and steel surface quality in reheating furnaces

    Filippo Cirilli; Guido Jochler; Manuel Mosconi; Fabio Praolini

    Matériaux & Techniques · EDP Sciences

    Reports laboratory thermogravimetric trials (undertaken with TenarisDalmine) showing that switching reheating-furnace combustion atmospheres from natural gas to 100% hydrogen increases scale growth by up to 16% and alters the scale/steel interface on two specific steel grades (line pipe and casing), providing direct evidence on hydrogen fuel-switching feasibility and product quality risk for existing steelmaking reheat furnaces.

    View record
    Task 52 participant
    Filippo Cirilli (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A
    Access
    Publisher page
    Safety & product quality
    DOI: 10.1051/mattech/2021024 Source 1 Source 2
  191. Enabling or systems Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    Feasibility study for the utilization of natural gas and hydrogen blends on industrial furnaces

    Irene Luzzo; Filippo Cirilli; Guido Jochler; Alessio Gambato; Jacopo Longhi; Gabriele Rampinini

    Matériaux & Techniques · EDP Sciences

    Tests hydrogen/natural-gas blends up to 100% H2 on an industrial burner and measures the resulting oxidation behaviour on forged steel grade F22V (and Inconel 625), finding a moderate (up to 14%) but non-detrimental increase in scale growth on the steel, and concludes the burner can run on 30 vol% hydrogen in existing steel-plant furnaces without hardware modification, directly informing near-term hydrogen-blending feasibility for steelmaking furnace infrastructure.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participant
    Filippo Cirilli (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A
    Access
    Open access
    Process modelling Supply chains & infrastructure Safety & product quality
    DOI: 10.1051/mattech/2022006 Source 1 Source 2
  192. Enabling or systems Report Subtask C

    Global Steel at a Crossroads: Why the global steel sector needs to invest in climate-neutral technologies in the 2020s

    Wido K. Witecka; Oliver von Eitzen Toni; Jesse Scott; Helen Burmeister; Li (Isadora) Wang; Stefan Lechtenböhmer; Clemens Schneider; Ole Zelt; Max Åhman

    Global Steel Transformation · Agora Industry, Wuppertal Institute and Lund University

    Assesses global steel asset transition and explicitly resolves hydrogen-based DRI among the consequential climate-neutral investment pathways.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participants
    Li Wang (author) ; Prof Max Åhman (author)
    Task alignment
    Global pathways & power systems; Subtask A, Subtask C, Subtask Linkage
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Techno-economics Policy & regulation Markets & competitiveness Industrial transition pathways
    Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  193. Enabling or systems Dataset Subtask Linkage

    Green Steel Tracker

    Valentin Vogl; Felipe Sanchez; Timo Gerres; Frederik Lettow; Abhinav Bhaskar; Caitlin Swalec; Gökçe Mete; Max Åhman; Johanna Lehne; Suzanne Schenk; Wido Witecka; Olle Olsson; Johan Rootzén

    Leadership Group for Industry Transition · LeadIT

    Continuously tracks announced low-carbon primary-steel projects and their production routes, including the global hydrogen-DRI project pipeline used in subsequent policy analysis.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participant
    Prof Max Åhman (author)
    Task alignment
    Task linkage & exchange; Subtask A, Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Techno-economics Policy & regulation
    Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  194. Enabling or systems Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask C

    Industrial decarbonization under Japan’s national mitigation scenarios: a multi-model analysis

    Yiyi Ju; Masahiro Sugiyama; Etsushi Kato; Yuhji Matsuo; Ken Oshiro; Diego Silva Herran

    Sustainability Science · Springer Nature

    Compares Japanese mitigation models at industry subsector level and identifies hydrogen deployment as a key condition for deep emissions cuts in steelmaking.

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    Task 52 participants
    Dr Yiyi Ju (author) ; Prof Masahiro Sugiyama (author)
    Task alignment
    Global pathways & power systems; Subtask A, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Power-system integration Emissions & life-cycle assessment Industrial transition pathways
    DOI: 10.1007/s11625-021-00905-2 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  195. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    Influence of microstructure and atomic-scale chemistry on the direct reduction of iron ore with hydrogen at 700°C

    Se-Ho Kim; Xue Zhang; Yan Ma; Isnaldi R. Souza Filho; Kevin Schweinar; Katja Angenendt; Dirk Vogel; Leigh T. Stephenson; Ayman A. El-Zoka; Jaber Rezaei Mianroodi; Michael Rohwerder; Baptiste Gault; Dierk Raabe

    Acta Materialia · Elsevier

    Resolves microstructure- and chemistry-dependent mechanisms during hydrogen reduction of iron ore at 700°C.

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    Task 52 participant
    Dr Yan Ma (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A
    Access
    Publisher page
    Hydrogen direct reduction
    DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2021.116933 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  196. Direct relevance Technical article Subtask A

    MIDREX® Process: Bridge to Ultra-low CO2 Ironmaking

    Vincent Chevrier; Lauren Lorraine; Haruyasu Michishita

    Kobelco Technology Review, No. 39 · Kobe Steel, Ltd.

    First-authored technical review by Midrex's General Manager of Business Development describing the MIDREX direct reduction process and resolving a staged pathway (partial hydrogen substitution up to 30%, then full MIDREX H2) for producing DRI/HBI with up to 80% lower CO2 than the blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace route, including quantified reformer/shaft-furnace modifications and the ArcelorMittal Hamburg hydrogen-DRI demonstration project.

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    Task 52 participant
    Dr Vincent Chevrier (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A, Subtask B
    Access
    Open access
    Blast-furnace hydrogen injection Hydrogen direct reduction Techno-economics Emissions & life-cycle assessment Industrial transition pathways Review & synthesis
    Source 1
  197. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    Modeling of hydrogen shaft injection in ironmaking blast furnaces

    Xiaobing Yu; Zhongjie Hu; Yansong Shen

    Fuel · Elsevier

    Models shaft-level hydrogen injection and gas–solid reaction changes in blast-furnace ironmaking.

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    Task 52 participant
    Prof Yansong Shen (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A
    Access
    Publisher page
    Blast-furnace hydrogen injection Process modelling
    DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2021.121092 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  198. Direct relevance Report Subtask Linkage

    Net-Zero Steel Sector Transition Strategy

    Rob Campbell-Davis; Alasdair Graham; Maaike Witteveen; Chathu Gamage; Laura Hutchinson

    Mission Possible Partnership / Net-Zero Steel Initiative · Energy Transitions Commission

    Sets out an industry-backed net-zero transition strategy for the global steel sector, with a dedicated analysis (section 2.3) of hydrogen and zero-carbon electricity displacing coal in ironmaking, decade-by-decade technology and infrastructure milestones, and investment/green-premium implications directly relevant to route feasibility and competitiveness.

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    Task 52 participant
    Alasdair Graham (author)
    Task alignment
    Task linkage & exchange; Subtask Linkage, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Techno-economics Supply chains & infrastructure Policy & regulation Markets & competitiveness Industrial transition pathways
    Source 1 Source 2
  199. Methods and capability Not hydrogen‑steel evidence Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask B

    Optimal supply chains and power sector benefits of green hydrogen

    Fabian Stöckl; Wolf-Peter Schill; Alexander Zerrahn

    Scientific Reports · Springer Nature

    Co-optimises the power sector and four green hydrogen supply options, showing a trade-off between electrolysis energy efficiency and temporal flexibility as renewable shares rise. The modelled demand case is road transport refuelling and the paper contains no iron or steel analysis. Listed for the supply chain and flexibility method, not as hydrogen-steel evidence.

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    Task 52 participant
    Dr Wolf-Peter Schill (author)
    Task alignment
    Resources, supply chains & infrastructure; Subtask B
    Access
    Open access
    Renewable energy & hydrogen supply Supply chains & infrastructure DRI/HBI trade & industrial relocation Power-system integration
    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92511-6 Source 1 Source 2
  200. Enabling or systems Report Subtask C

    Pursuing Zero-Carbon Steel in China: A Critical Pillar to Reach Carbon Neutrality

    Shuyi Li; Ji Chen; Ye (Agnes) Li

    RMI

    Sets out China’s zero-carbon steel transition and treats hydrogen-based primary steelmaking as a consequential route within the pathway.

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    Task 52 participant
    Shuyi Li (author)
    Task alignment
    Global pathways & power systems; Subtask C, Subtask A
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Policy & regulation Industrial transition pathways
    Source 1 Source 2
  201. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    Reconstruction optimization of gas-based shaft furnace direct reduction ironmaking process

    Heng Yu; Jicheng Zhou; Xiuping Li; Fangqin Shangguan

    China Metallurgy · China Metallurgical Information and Standardization Institute

    Optimises a gas-based shaft-furnace direct-reduction flowsheet with hydrogen-rich gas at an H2/CO ratio of eight.

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    Task 52 participant
    Prof Fangqin Shangguan (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Process modelling
    DOI: 10.13228/j.boyuan.issn1006-9356.20200313 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  202. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    Sustainable steel through hydrogen plasma reduction of iron ore: Process, kinetics, microstructure, chemistry

    Isnaldi R. Souza Filho; Yan Ma; Michael Kulse; Dirk Ponge; Baptiste Gault; Hauke Springer; Dierk Raabe

    Acta Materialia · Elsevier

    Establishes process, kinetic, microstructural and chemical foundations for hydrogen-plasma iron-ore reduction.

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    Task 52 participant
    Dr Yan Ma (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen plasma reduction Hydrogen direct reduction
    DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2021.116971 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  203. Enabling or systems Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask C

    The making of green steel in the EU: a policy evaluation for the early commercialization phase

    Valentin Vogl; Max Åhman; Lars J. Nilsson

    Climate Policy · Taylor & Francis

    Evaluates EU policy instruments for the early commercialisation of low-emissions steel, with hydrogen direct reduction as the focal emerging primary-steel pathway.

    View record
    Task 52 participant
    Prof Max Åhman (author)
    Task alignment
    Global pathways & power systems; Subtask A, Subtask C
    Access
    Publisher page
    Hydrogen direct reduction Policy & regulation Markets & competitiveness Emissions & life-cycle assessment Industrial transition pathways
    DOI: 10.1080/14693062.2020.1803040 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  204. Enabling or systems Report Subtask A

    Towards Carbon Neutral Steel in Japan: Learning from the Latest Trends in the European Union

    Romain Zissler; Yuko Nishida; Takanobu Aikawa

    Renewable Energy Institute

    Compares Japanese and European steel decarbonisation routes, with hydrogen direct reduction an explicit and consequential option among multiple technologies.

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    Task 52 participant
    Yuko Nishida (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A, Subtask C, Subtask Linkage
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Policy & regulation Markets & competitiveness Industrial transition pathways
    Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  205. Enabling or systems Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask C

    Which countries are prepared to green their coal-based steel industry with electricity? – Reviewing climate and energy policy as well as the implementation of renewable electricity

    Marlene Arens; Max Åhman; Valentin Vogl

    Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · Elsevier

    Assesses national readiness for transition from coal-based steel to electricity- and hydrogen-based steelmaking through climate targets, renewable-power deployment and policy indicators.

    View record
    Task 52 participant
    Prof Max Åhman (author)
    Task alignment
    Global pathways & power systems; Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Publisher page
    Hydrogen direct reduction Renewable energy & hydrogen supply Policy & regulation Emissions & life-cycle assessment Industrial transition pathways
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2021.110938 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  206. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    A Study on the Stability Fields of Arc Plasma in the HPSR Process

    Michael Andreas Zarl; Manuel Andreas Farkas; Johannes Schenk

    Metals · MDPI

    Characterises arc-stability regimes in hydrogen plasma smelting reduction of iron oxides.

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    Task 52 participant
    Manuel Farkas (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen plasma reduction Hydrogen direct reduction
    DOI: 10.3390/met10101394 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  207. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask C

    Adopting hydrogen direct reduction for the Swedish steel industry: A technological innovation system (TIS) study

    Duncan Kushnir; Teis Hansen; Valentin Vogl; Max Åhman

    Journal of Cleaner Production · Elsevier

    Analyses the innovation-system conditions for adoption of hydrogen direct reduction by the Swedish steel industry, including HYBRIT actors, infrastructure and policy functions.

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    Task 52 participant
    Prof Max Åhman (author)
    Task alignment
    Global pathways & power systems; Subtask A, Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Supply chains & infrastructure Policy & regulation
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118185 Source 1 Source 2 Source 3
  208. Methods and capability Not hydrogen‑steel evidence Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask B

    Electricity Storage and the Renewable Energy Transition

    Wolf-Peter Schill

    Joule · Elsevier

    Single-authored synthesis of how electricity storage requirements grow with variable renewable shares, and of the roles played by alternative flexibility options. It informs how firm renewable electricity can be supplied to large industrial electrolysis loads, but the paper itself resolves no iron or steel case. Listed under methods and capability only.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participant
    Dr Wolf-Peter Schill (author)
    Task alignment
    Resources, supply chains & infrastructure; Subtask B
    Access
    Open access
    Renewable energy & hydrogen supply Power-system integration Industrial transition pathways Review & synthesis
    DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2020.07.022 Source 1 Source 2
  209. Enabling or systems Report Subtask A

    The Potential Role of Hydrogen in India: A pathway for scaling-up low carbon hydrogen across the economy

    Will Hall; Thomas Spencer; G Renjith; Shruti Dayal

    The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) / Energy Transitions Commission India · The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI)

    Dedicated Iron and Steel chapter (Section 5.5) compares hydrogen direct reduction against smelting reduction with CCUS as the two leading low-carbon routes for Indian steelmaking, with cost curves, hydrogen demand projections for the steel sector, and a 2020-2060 technology transition pathway.

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    Task 52 participant
    Will Hall (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A, Subtask B
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Techno-economics Power-system integration Industrial transition pathways
    Source 1
  210. Direct relevance Report Subtask A

    Towards a Low Carbon Steel Sector: Overview of the Changing Market, Technology, and Policy Context for Indian Steel

    Will Hall; Thomas Spencer; Sachin Kumar

    The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) / Energy Transitions Commission India · The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI)

    Consultation document analysing India's steel technology mix (BF-BOF, coal/gas DR, EAF) and assessing hydrogen direct reduction alongside smelting-reduction-with-CCUS as the leading decarbonisation routes, including techno-economic comparison and market/policy context specific to Indian steelmaking.

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    Task 52 participant
    Will Hall (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A, Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Techno-economics Policy & regulation Markets & competitiveness Industrial transition pathways
    Source 1
  211. Direct relevance Technical article Subtask A

    Ultra-Low CO2 Ironmaking: Transitioning to the Hydrogen Economy

    Vincent F. Chevrier

    Direct From Midrex · Midrex Technologies, Inc.

    Sole-authored article by Midrex's General Manager of Business Development resolving a three-step transition (MIDREX NG, partial hydrogen addition up to 30%, then full MIDREX H2) for direct reduced iron production, citing the ArcelorMittal Hamburg hydrogen-DRI demonstration and quantifying CO2 reductions of up to 80% versus the blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace route.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participant
    Dr Vincent Chevrier (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A, Subtask B
    Access
    Open access
    Blast-furnace hydrogen injection Hydrogen direct reduction Techno-economics Emissions & life-cycle assessment Industrial transition pathways
    Source 1
  212. Enabling or systems Conference paper Subtask A

    The Blast Furnace in View of Past, Current and Future CO2 Saving Technologies

    Anand Kumar Agrawal; Klaus Peter Kinzel; Björn Rösner; Horst Kappes; Philippe Bermes; Lorenzo Micheletti; Cristiano Castagnola; Andre Oliveira

    49th Ironmaking and Raw Materials Seminar (ABM Proceedings) · Editora Blucher / Associação Brasileira de Metalurgia (ABM)

    Reviews past, current and future CO2-saving technologies for the blast furnace and explicitly examines the replacement of carbon by hydrogen as a reduction agent, comparing costs and incentives (including under the EU Emissions Trading System) for ironmaking decarbonisation.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participant
    Cristiano Castagnola (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Blast-furnace hydrogen injection Techno-economics Policy & regulation Emissions & life-cycle assessment Industrial transition pathways
    DOI: 10.5151/2594-357x-33486 Source 1 Source 2
  213. Enabling or systems Conference paper Subtask C

    What is green steel? Towards a strategic decision tool for decarbonising EU steel

    Valentin Vogl; Max Åhman

    ESTAD Proceedings · ESTAD 4th

    Develops a strategic decision framework for green steel in the EU and explicitly evaluates renewable-hydrogen direct reduction among the credible deep-decarbonisation routes.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participant
    Prof Max Åhman (author)
    Task alignment
    Global pathways & power systems; Subtask A, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Renewable energy & hydrogen supply Policy & regulation Industrial transition pathways
    Source 1 Source 2
  214. Direct relevance Journal article Peer reviewed Subtask A

    Assessment of hydrogen direct reduction for fossil-free steelmaking

    Valentin Vogl; Max Åhman; Lars J. Nilsson

    Journal of Cleaner Production · Elsevier

    Provides a process, energy and emissions assessment of hydrogen direct reduction coupled to electric-arc steelmaking for a fossil-free steel route.

    View record
    Task 52 participant
    Prof Max Åhman (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A, Subtask C
    Access
    Publisher page
    Hydrogen direct reduction Emissions & life-cycle assessment
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.08.279 Source 1 Source 2
  215. Direct relevance Report Subtask Linkage

    Hydrogen steelmaking for a low-carbon economy: A joint LU-SEI working paper for the HYBRIT project

    Max Åhman; Olle Olsson; Valentin Vogl; Björn Nyqvist; Aaron Maltais; Lars J. Nilsson; Kalle Hallding; Kristian Skåneberg; Måns Nilsson

    EESS Report 109 · Environmental and Energy Systems Studies, Lund University

    HYBRIT working paper synthesising the technology, energy-system, economics and policy requirements for hydrogen-based steelmaking.

    Read full text
    Task 52 participant
    Prof Max Åhman (author)
    Task alignment
    Task linkage & exchange; Subtask A, Subtask B, Subtask C
    Access
    Open access
    Hydrogen direct reduction Power-system integration Policy & regulation Industrial transition pathways Review & synthesis
    Source 1 Source 2
  216. Direct relevance Conference paper Peer reviewed Subtask A

    Rethinking steelmaking: Zero-emissions and flexibility with hydrogen direct reduction

    Valentin Vogl; Max Åhman; Lars J. Nilsson

    ECEEE Industrial Summer Study on Industrial Efficiency 2018: Leading the Low-Carbon Transition · European Council for an Energy Efficient Economy

    Directly assesses zero-emission hydrogen direct reduction and the operational flexibility that electrolysers and hydrogen storage can provide to steelmaking and power systems.

    View record
    Task 52 participant
    Prof Max Åhman (author)
    Task alignment
    Technology assessment; Subtask A, Subtask C
    Access
    Publisher page
    Hydrogen direct reduction Supply chains & infrastructure Power-system integration Emissions & life-cycle assessment
    Source 1 Source 2

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